the following conclusions can be drawn from the results of Rutherford's experiment:
most of the atom must be empty space, because most alpha particles simply pass straight through
The nucleus must be (significantly) positively charged, as some of the positively charged alpha particles are repelled and deflected through a large angle
the nucleus must be very small as very few alpha particles are deflected by an angle greater than 90°
the mass must be concentrated in the nucleus as the fast-moving alpha particles (with high momentum) are deflected by the nucleus.