Depression: Explaining and Treating (Cognitive Approach)

• What is one of the most common mental health disorders?

  Depression
• What percentage of adults in the UK experience depression?

  One in five adults
• Which demographic has a higher rate of depression symptoms?

  Women aged 16 to 29
• What is the purpose of this video?

  To teach principles of depression
• What should viewers looking for support do?

  Seek other organizations with resources
• What cognitive concept will be discussed in this video?

  Schemas
• What does the cognitive approach suggest about depression?

  It is due to problems in internal mental processes
• How are schemas defined in psychology?

  Mental frameworks built from experience
• How do schemas help us navigate the world?

  They act as mental shortcuts
• What can negative schemas lead to?

  Biases about ourselves and events
• What is Beck's negative triad?

  Negative beliefs about self, world, future
• What are self-schemas?

  Negative beliefs about oneself
• What does selective abstraction involve?

  Focusing on one negative detail
• What does the ABC model explain?

  How beliefs affect emotional responses
• What does the 'A' in the ABC model stand for?

  Activating event
• What is the difference between rational and irrational beliefs?

  Rational beliefs are logical; irrational are not
• What is 'masturbatory thinking' according to Ellis?

  Not accepting we don't live in a perfect world
• What is a criticism of cognitive theories of depression?

  They may overlook past trauma's impact
• What did March's study find about CBT and drug therapy?

  Both had an effectiveness rate of 81%
• What is a potential benefit of combining CBT with drug therapy?

  Higher effectiveness rate of 86%
• What is a concern regarding the responsibility placed on clients in CBT?

  It may lead to victim blaming
• What is a criticism of both CBT and REBT?

  They may focus too much on the present
• What is a significant economic argument for CBT?

  It can lead to long-term productivity
• What are the key cognitive theories explaining depression?

  • Beck's Negative Triad
  • Negative beliefs about self, world, future
  • Ellis's ABC Model
  • Activating event, belief, consequence
• What are the differences between Beck's CBT and Ellis's REBT?

  • Beck's CBT:
  • Client discovers irrational thoughts
  • Ellis's REBT:
  • Therapist directly disputes irrational beliefs
• What are the cognitive distortions identified by Beck?

  • Overgeneralization
  • Selective abstraction
  • Catastrophizing
• What are the main components of Beck's cognitive therapy process?

  1. Identify negative thoughts
  2. Gather evidence
  3. Test hypotheses
  4. Behavioral activation
• What are the main components of Ellis's REBT process?

  1. Identify irrational beliefs
  2. Dispute beliefs with evidence
  3. Use shame-attacking exercises