3rd quarter science

• sexual reproduction involves the union of sex cells (gametes) that have two types that are called sperm cell and egg cell
• plants and animals produce throught sexual and asexual reproduction
• asexual reproduction in animals occur through fission budding and fragmentation
• asexual reproduct in plants occur through artificial vegetative propagation, cutting, budding, grafting, and tissue culture
• in plants occurs also through natural veget propagation
• plants can reproduce through their vegetative parts or specialized reproductive structures.
• vegetative propagation new plants are produced naturally from the nodes or eyes of potatoes, cloves of garlic, or runners of strawberry plants
• most plants structures are invovled in vegetative propagation are modified stems such as runners, rhizomes,corms,tubers,and bulbs.
• which is faster vegetative propagation or sexual reproduction?

  vegetative propagation
• weeds have specialized stems called?

  runners
• one of the disadvantages of asexual reproduction is that all individuals produced through natural vegetative propagation are genetically identical, hence there is no variability in their characteristics. Given this, infection by pests or pathogens poses risk to these individuals
• new plants arise from the nodes of horizontal stem above the ground are called.


  runner
• new plants arise from the nodes of a horizontal ROOTLIKE underground stem is called?

  Rhizome
• New plants arise from very short, thick underground stems with THIN, scaly leaves.

  corm
• new shoots arise from an auxillary bud on a short swollen, fleshy underground stem.


  tuber
• New bulbs arise from an auxillary bud on very short stems with thick, fleshy leaves (only in MONOCOTS.)


  bulb
• each new plant is genetically identical to its parent and is said to be a clone
• leaves, stems, or roots are cut from one plants, planted in soil, and used to grow new plants.

  cutting
• small stems from one plant are attached to the larger stems or roots of another plant


  budding and grafting
• laboratory technique in which pieces of tissue from one plant are placed on a sterile medium and used to grow new plants

  tissue culture
• What does flower display/show when they are ready for reproduction?

  bloom
• all flowering plants can reproduce sexually.
• sexual reproduction involves the fusion of sex cells from parent plants
• most plants are hermaphrodites or have perfect flowers which mean that each flower has both male and female sex organs
• what does perfect flowers mean

  it means they are either male or female
• non reproductive parts are petal,sepal,receptacle, and peduncle.
• what does the petas do to the flower?

  shape and form
• what is sepal?

  small leaves
• The sepal is composed of small leaves that grow at the base of the petals to protect its flower before it blooms
• What does receptacle do?

  holds the flower
• receptacle holds the flower’s organs
• while the peducle holds the flower itself
• What is the female reproductive organ of a flower?

  pistil
• what is the male reproductive organ

  stamen
• the anther produces pollen that contains male sex cells
• the filameny holds up the anther
• the pistil is made out of?

  sigma,ovary,and style
• what is in the top part of the pistil?

  stigma
• ovary contains female sex cells that are called?

  ovules
• the style connects the stigma and the ovary