chapter 2 - BioPsych

• Integration - nervous system processes the sensory input and decides what should be done about it.
•  

  Motor Output - The response that occurs when your NS activates certain parts of your body.
•      The nervous system is our control center.
•  

    The Nervous System is sophisticated highly integrated, and is organized in multi-levels.
• Forebrain- is important for the planning and execution of movements, sensory processing, regulating sleep wake states and behavioral responses to emotions such as stress and fear.
• Midbrain- is the smallest portion of the brainstem, but important structure plays

  a crucial role in processing visual and auditory signals. It involves movement of the body and head.
• Hindbrain- controls the body's vital functions such as respiration and heart rate.
• THALAMUS

  ·        Relay center for incoming sensory information.
• It is known as relay center because it performs relaying of motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex. THALAMUS

   
• HYPOTHALAMUS

  Regulates basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control; MASTER CLOCK
• It is a small area in the center of the brain. It helps produce hormones that regulate heart rate, body temperature, hunger, and sleep- wake cycle. HYPOTHALAMUS
• CEREBRUM

    Involved in sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement.
• It initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other areas of the cerebrum enable to speech, judgment, thinking, reasoning. Problem solving, emotions and learning. CEREBRUM
• LIMBIC SYSTEM

  control a variety of basic functions relating to emotion, learning, memory, pleasure, and self-preservation; includes the amygdala and hippocampus.                                                
• CORPUS CALLOSUM

  Bridge of fibers passing information between the two cerebral hemispheres.
• To serve as a conduit allowing information to transmit from one side of the brain to the other. CORPUS CALLOSUM
• Left side of the body = right

  Hemisphere
• Right side of the body = left

  Hemisphere
• your left hand is controlled by your right hemisphere

   
• Protecting the Brain

  The blood-brain barrier
• Protecting the Brain-Skull as Physical protection

   
• Only water, certain gases (e.g., oxygen), and lipid-soluble substances can easily diffuse across the barrier (other necessary substances like glucose can be actively transported across the blood-brain barrier with some effort). true
• CEREBRAL CORTEX

    Responsible, for sophisticated, uniquely human information processing.
• parietal lobe - body sensation
• occipital lobe - vision
• temporal lobe - hearing and advanced visual processing
• frontal lobe - cognition, recent memory, planning of movement, and some aspects of emotion
• AMYGDALA

  Limbic system structure involved in emotion and aggression; EMOTIONAL PROCESSING
• HIPPOCAMPUS

  Limbic system structure involved in learning and memory; MEMORY PROCESSING

             EMOTIONAL MEMORY
• PITUITARY GLAND  “Master" gland that regulates other endocrine glands center of human sexuality & reproduction.

   
• CEREBELLUM

    Coordinates fine muscle movement, balance.
• fast eye movements called saccades
• cerebellum -  It is Latin for little brain
• cerebellum -    vital for the control of very rapid movements:

  -         running

  -          talking 
• BRAINSTEM

      Connects all parts of the CNS: cerebral cortex, cerebellum, & the spinal cord
• brainstem - Both send information to and receive "orders" from the brain.

  & It is where the cranial nerves are located
• 3 Main Parts of brain stem

  1. Midbrain

  2. Pons

  3. Medulla Oblongata
• BRAINSTEM - MIDBRAIN

  ·        relays information from the eyes and ears

  ·        controls eye movement and reflexes

  ·        wakes us up from our sleep

   
• BRAINSTEM – PONS

  ·        Pons integrates information from inner ear (sense of balance); Involved in sleep and dreaming; Facial sensitivity.

  the middle section of the brain stem 
• pons -         it is where the cerebellum is attached to the brain 

  -         controls sense of balance