Diffusion and Osmosis and transportation

• How do dissolved substances and gases move in and out the cells across the cell membrane?

  Diffusion
• WHat is diffusion?

  The spreading out of particles of any substance in a solution
• WHat is the net movement?

  The movement caused by diffusion from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
• WHy does diffusion take place?

  Because of the random movement of particles, which causes them to bump into eachother and this moves them all around
• How is the net movement/ rate of diffusion affected by the concentration between 2 areas?

  Higher the concentration between 2 areas, faster the diffusion/ net movent
• What is the concentration gradient?

  The difference in concentration
• High would the rate of diffusion increase if the temperature increases?

  Because particles move quicker and bump into eachother more frequently which causes diffusion
• WHat are partially permeable membranes?

  Membranes that only let some types of particles through
• How much concentration of water is in a dilute and concentrated solution?

  Dilute- High concentration of water

  Concentrated- Low concentration of water
• What is the cytoplasm of a cell made up of?

  Chemicals dissolved in water inside a partially permeable cell membrane
• WHat is Osmosis?

  A type of diffusion where only water moves across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution
• If the concentration of a solutes in the solution outside the cell is the same as the internal concentration, the solution is...... to the cell?

  Isotonic
• If the concentration of a solutes in the solution outside the cell is higher as the internal concentration, the solution is...... to the cell?

  Hypertonic
• If the concentration of a solutes in the solution outside the cell is lower as the internal concentration, the solution is...... to the cell?

  Hypertonic
• What process do plants rely on to support their stems and leaves?

  Osmosis
• How does water move into plant cells?

  By osmosis
• What happens to the vacuole when water moves into plant cells?

  It expands and presses cytoplasm against the cell wall
• What is the pressure called that builds up in plant cells due to water intake?

  Turgor pressure
• What effect does turgor pressure have on plant cells?

  It makes the cells firm and rigid
• What type of solution do plants need surrounding their cells for optimal osmosis?

  Hypotonic solution
• What happens if more water is lost by osmosis in plant cells?

  The vacuole and cytoplasm shrink
• What is the term for when the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall?

  Plasmolysis
• What is osmosis defined as?

  Movement of water from low to high concentration
• Why is osmosis important in the support systems of plants?

  • Supports a plant's stem and leaves
  • Maintains turgor pressure for rigidity
• What do all cells need to do regarding substances?

  Move substances in and out of the cell
• What are the two main ways substances can move across cell membranes?

  Diffusion and active transport
• How do substances move by diffusion?

  Down a concentration gradient
• What is active transport?

  Movement against a concentration gradient using energy
• Why is energy needed for active transport?

  To move substances against the concentration gradient
• How is energy for active transport produced?

  Through cellular respiration
• Why do cells that perform a lot of active transport have many mitochondria?

  Mitochondria provide energy for active transport
• Why is active transport important for plants?

  It allows absorption of mineral ions against gradients
• How does active transport differ from diffusion and osmosis?

  • Active transport requires energy
  • Diffusion and osmosis occur naturally
  • Active transport moves substances against a gradient