Biological responses B10-12

• The brain is the control center of the body and is responsible for all of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.
• Cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain, responsible for conscious thought, intelligence, memory and language
• Cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls muscle coordination and balance
• Brain damage can cause a person to lose the ability to speak, think, or move aswell as behavioural changes
• Iris: a flat, coloured, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the eye, with an adjustable circular opening (pupil) in the centre.
• cornea: the transparent layer forming the front of the eye that protects your eye from dust ect
• Optic nerve sends image of what you see to the brain
• Retina: where the image is formed in your eye then transported to the brain though the optic nerve
• myopia is when you can see close objects but not distant objects
• Hyperopia is when you can see far objects but not close objects
• Contact lenses are used to correct refractive errors and are worn on the eye some our worn longer than others
• Laser eye surgery is used to correct refractive errors, such as myopia and hyperopia by refusing thickness of the cornea or changing the curve
• Endocrine system - a system containing glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
• Hormones - chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs and cells
• The pituitary gland - master gland secretes a multitude of hormones into the blood stream
• FSH - stimulates the release of an egg from the ovaries and to produce oestrogen
• TSH - stimulates Tyrion gland to make thyroxine ( helps rate of metabolism)
• Thyroid gland - controls metabolic rate
• pancreas - controls the levels of glucose in the blood
• Adrenal - (Adrenalin) prepares body to fight
• Ovaries - controls development of the menstrual cycle
• Testes - controls the development of the male reproductive system and produces sperm.
• Insulin - produced by the pancreas alowes glucose to enter the cells
• Your blood glucose concentration is monitored and controlled by your pancreas
• Pancreas produces glucagon witch coverts into glucose
• Negative feedback cycle in and out of the cell to maintain homeostasis
• Homeostasis - the maintenance of a constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment
• Type 1 diabetes - blood glucose ruse and insulin isn’t produced
• Type 2 diabetes - body stops responding to insulin and is linked to age and obesity
• Curing type 1 diabetes - pancreas transplants and insulin injections
• Curing type 2 diabetes - eating well , losing weight , regular exercise, drugs (help insulin work, pancreas creates more insulin, reduce the amount of glucose you absorb from your gut.
• Pituitary gland - controls growth, stimulates other glands to produce hormones , stimulates egg release and sperm to be made
• Thyroid - controls metabolic rate
• Pancreas- controls glucose levels
• Adrenal gland - preps body for stress (produces Adrenalin)
• Ovaries - controls development of female secondary sexual characteristics + menstrual cycle
• Testes - controls development of the male secondary sexual characteristics + sperm production
• type 1 diabetes - pancreas produces no insulin
• Type 2 diabetes - body stops responding to insulin - linked to old age , diet ect