each use case diagram represents a discrete task initiated by an actor (person OR other system)
Use case is used to show possible interactions between users and system, systems interface features and subtasks, and different types of user (personas)
system boundary is indicated with a box, interactions (associations) with lines, use cases with ovals, and relationships with dash arrow lines (arrow with hollow head = generalisation)
dashed arrow can mean include or extend, identified by <<include>> or <<extend>> label. Include = action invokes sub-function (point to function) (eg. airline reservation includes subroutine to book seats). Extend = special version of a use case (points away from special case)(eg. order wine is special in comparison to order food as does not involve chef).