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⚓️ C45. Deep Sea Physiology
1. Effect of High Partial Pressures
1.2 Nitrogen Narcosis and Oxygen Toxicity
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Cards (26)
What gases are divers exposed to when breathing air?
Nitrogen
,
O2
, and
CO2
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What is the effect of nitrogen at sea-level pressure?
No
significant
effect
on
bodily
function
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At what depth do the first symptoms of mild nitrogen narcosis appear?
About 120
feet
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What symptoms does a diver exhibit at 120 feet?
Joviality
and loss of cares
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What happens to a diver at 150 to 200 feet?
The diver becomes
drowsy
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What occurs to a diver's strength at
200
to
250
feet?
Strength wanes considerably
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What is the effect of nitrogen narcosis beyond 250 feet?
Diver becomes almost
useless
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Why is nitrogen narcosis often compared to alcohol intoxication?
Similar
characteristics
and
effects
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How does nitrogen cause narcosis?
Dissolves in
fatty substances
in membranes
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What happens when PO2 in the blood rises above 100 mm Hg?
O2 dissolved
in blood
increases
markedly
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What is the total O2 content in blood at 3000 mm Hg PO2?
About
29 volumes percent
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How much O2 is bound with hemoglobin at 3000 mm Hg?
20 volumes percent
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What is the PO2 when blood leaves the tissue capillaries after O2 use?
Approximately
1200
mm Hg
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What happens to the hemoglobin-O2 buffer mechanism at high PO2 levels?
It fails to keep tissue PO2
safe
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What can occur when breathing O2 at 4 atmospheres pressure?
Brain seizures
followed by coma
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What are some symptoms of acute O2 poisoning?
Nausea
,
muscle twitchings
, dizziness
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How does exercise affect susceptibility to O2 toxicity?
Increases severity and early
appearance
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What must molecular O2 be converted into to oxidize other compounds?
An "
active
" form of oxygen
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What are oxygen free radicals?
Active
forms
of
oxygen
that can
oxidize
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What happens to free radicals at normal tissue PO2 levels?
Rapidly removed by
enzymes
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What occurs above a critical alveolar PO2?
Tissue
PO2
can
rise
dangerously
high
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What is one principal effect of oxidizing free radicals?
Oxidize
polyunsaturated fatty acids
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Why are nervous tissues especially susceptible to oxygen toxicity?
High
lipid content
in nervous tissues
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How long can a person be exposed to 1 atmosphere pressure of O2?
Almost indefinitely
without
acute
toxicity
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What develops after about 12 hours of 1 atmosphere O2 exposure?
Lung passageway congestion
and
pulmonary edema
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Why does O2 cause damage in the lungs but not in other tissues?
Air
spaces
in
lungs
are
directly
exposed
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