1.2 Nitrogen Narcosis and Oxygen Toxicity

Cards (26)

  • What gases are divers exposed to when breathing air?
    Nitrogen, O2, and CO2
  • What is the effect of nitrogen at sea-level pressure?
    No significant effect on bodily function
  • At what depth do the first symptoms of mild nitrogen narcosis appear?
    About 120 feet
  • What symptoms does a diver exhibit at 120 feet?
    Joviality and loss of cares
  • What happens to a diver at 150 to 200 feet?
    The diver becomes drowsy
  • What occurs to a diver's strength at 200 to 250 feet?

    Strength wanes considerably
  • What is the effect of nitrogen narcosis beyond 250 feet?
    Diver becomes almost useless
  • Why is nitrogen narcosis often compared to alcohol intoxication?
    Similar characteristics and effects
  • How does nitrogen cause narcosis?
    Dissolves in fatty substances in membranes
  • What happens when PO2 in the blood rises above 100 mm Hg?
    O2 dissolved in blood increases markedly
  • What is the total O2 content in blood at 3000 mm Hg PO2?
    About 29 volumes percent
  • How much O2 is bound with hemoglobin at 3000 mm Hg?
    20 volumes percent
  • What is the PO2 when blood leaves the tissue capillaries after O2 use?
    Approximately 1200 mm Hg
  • What happens to the hemoglobin-O2 buffer mechanism at high PO2 levels?
    It fails to keep tissue PO2 safe
  • What can occur when breathing O2 at 4 atmospheres pressure?
    Brain seizures followed by coma
  • What are some symptoms of acute O2 poisoning?
    Nausea, muscle twitchings, dizziness
  • How does exercise affect susceptibility to O2 toxicity?
    Increases severity and early appearance
  • What must molecular O2 be converted into to oxidize other compounds?
    An "active" form of oxygen
  • What are oxygen free radicals?
    Active forms of oxygen that can oxidize
  • What happens to free radicals at normal tissue PO2 levels?
    Rapidly removed by enzymes
  • What occurs above a critical alveolar PO2?
    Tissue PO2 can rise dangerously high
  • What is one principal effect of oxidizing free radicals?
    Oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • Why are nervous tissues especially susceptible to oxygen toxicity?
    High lipid content in nervous tissues
  • How long can a person be exposed to 1 atmosphere pressure of O2?
    Almost indefinitely without acute toxicity
  • What develops after about 12 hours of 1 atmosphere O2 exposure?
    Lung passageway congestion and pulmonary edema
  • Why does O2 cause damage in the lungs but not in other tissues?
    Air spaces in lungs are directly exposed