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🚰 C26. Urinary System
3. Micturition
3.1 Physiological Anatomy of the Bladder
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What is micturition?
The process of
bladder
emptying
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What triggers the micturition reflex?
Increased tension in the
bladder walls
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What happens if the micturition reflex fails?
A conscious desire to
urinate
occurs
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How can the micturition reflex be influenced?
By centers in the
cerebral cortex
or
brain stem
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What are the two main parts of the urinary bladder?
The
body
and the
neck
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What is the function of the bladder neck?
Connects the bladder to the
urethra
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What is the detrusor muscle?
The
smooth muscle
of the bladder
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How does the detrusor muscle contribute to bladder emptying?
It contracts to increase bladder
pressure
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What pressure can the detrusor muscle generate?
40 to 60
mm Hg
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What is the trigone in the bladder?
A triangular area on the
posterior
wall
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Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
At the uppermost angles of the
trigone
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What distinguishes the mucosa of the trigone?
It is smooth compared to folded bladder mucosa
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How long is the bladder neck?
2 to 3
centimeters
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What is the internal sphincter?
The muscle at the
bladder neck
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What keeps the bladder neck empty of urine?
The natural tone of the
internal sphincter
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What type of muscle is the external sphincter?
Voluntary skeletal muscle
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How does the external sphincter differ from the bladder muscles?
It is under
voluntary control
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What is the principal nerve supply of the bladder?
The
pelvic nerves
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What do sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves detect?
The degree of stretch in the
bladder wall
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What type of fibers are transmitted through the pelvic nerves?
Sensory and motor nerve fibers
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What type of fibers innervate the detrusor muscle?
Parasympathetic
fibers
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What is the role of the pudendal nerve?
Controls the
external bladder sphincter
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What does sympathetic innervation primarily stimulate?
The
blood vessels
of the bladder
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How do sensory fibers in sympathetic nerves contribute to bladder function?
They may signal
fullness
and
pain
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