3.1 Physiological Anatomy of the Bladder

Cards (24)

  • What is micturition?
    The process of bladder emptying
  • What triggers the micturition reflex?
    Increased tension in the bladder walls
  • What happens if the micturition reflex fails?
    A conscious desire to urinate occurs
  • How can the micturition reflex be influenced?
    By centers in the cerebral cortex or brain stem
  • What are the two main parts of the urinary bladder?
    The body and the neck
  • What is the function of the bladder neck?
    Connects the bladder to the urethra
  • What is the detrusor muscle?
    The smooth muscle of the bladder
  • How does the detrusor muscle contribute to bladder emptying?
    It contracts to increase bladder pressure
  • What pressure can the detrusor muscle generate?
    40 to 60 mm Hg
  • What is the trigone in the bladder?
    A triangular area on the posterior wall
  • Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
    At the uppermost angles of the trigone
  • What distinguishes the mucosa of the trigone?
    It is smooth compared to folded bladder mucosa
  • How long is the bladder neck?
    2 to 3 centimeters
  • What is the internal sphincter?
    The muscle at the bladder neck
  • What keeps the bladder neck empty of urine?
    The natural tone of the internal sphincter
  • What type of muscle is the external sphincter?
    Voluntary skeletal muscle
  • How does the external sphincter differ from the bladder muscles?
    It is under voluntary control
  • What is the principal nerve supply of the bladder?
    The pelvic nerves
  • What do sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves detect?
    The degree of stretch in the bladder wall
  • What type of fibers are transmitted through the pelvic nerves?
    Sensory and motor nerve fibers
  • What type of fibers innervate the detrusor muscle?
    Parasympathetic fibers
  • What is the role of the pudendal nerve?
    Controls the external bladder sphincter
  • What does sympathetic innervation primarily stimulate?
    The blood vessels of the bladder
  • How do sensory fibers in sympathetic nerves contribute to bladder function?
    They may signal fullness and pain