Philosophy

• Philo


  love(friend)
• Sophia


  wisdom
• Philosophy


  • refers to the ideas, views, principles, perspectives or beliefs
  • It can be an act of reasoning
  • It is an academic course or degree
  • It can think of a new way of thinking
  • It can present an argument
  • "lover of wisdom"
  • It supplements scientific explanations to come up with holistic explanations.
  • It contributes to the development of some disciplines. It brought reasoning and the scientific method
  • It provides ethical guidelines for the use of modern technology
  • It contributes to social transformation
  • It expands the boundaries of knowledge
• Sophists

  • wise man or person who knows
  • taught oratory (speaking) for a fee to people who want to have a successful career in politics.
  • believe that all truths are relatively determined by or are based on human interests. Subjective truths.
• Pythagoras

  • “Man is the measure of all things”
  • We people are the ultimate source of value
• What makes humans distinct from other creatures


  the capacity to think beyond ourselves.

  • A philosopher is a friend of wisdom but an opponent of lies.
  • We must bring ourselves to the truth and bring it to action accordingly.
• What is a wise person?


  • Knows what one knows and what one doesn’t know
  • Can justify true beliefs and has strong reasons for these beliefs
  • Knows a lot of things that are valuable in life
  • Has the ability to put knowledge into practice
  • Knows what should be done and acts accordingly
• Framework questions are...

  questions that refer to our belief systems or world views which serve as a framework or foundation of our interpretation of the things in the world
• Internal questions and External questions 


  - (I)questions inside the frame work where they can be answered using the rules and concepts of the frame work

  • (E)questions that cannot be answered by rules and concepts of the framework
• Scholastic Machinery


  • Identify the problem
  • Defining terms
  • State the opinions
  • Present the thesis statement
  • Give the arguments
• Why do we need to distinguish?


  So that we can present the concept or ideas clearly
• Kinds of Philosophies


  • Thematic types
  • Positional types
  • Methodological types
  • Regional or Geographical types
  • Historical types
• Thematic types 


  according to the topic or issues being addressed
• Ethic and Aesthetics


  value theory
• Positional types


  according to the solution that is being proposed for a certain issue
• Methodological types


  according to the method used to resolve a certain issue
• Regional or Geographical Type


  according to geographical location where the Philosophy began or in which philosophizing transpired or flourishes. Western Philosophy and Eastern Philosophy.
• Historical Types


  according to the historical period in which the philosophy began
• Rationalists


  reason as the source of knowledge
• Empiricists


  senses and experiences as the source of knowledge
• Idealists 


  true reality is found in the mind
• Epistemology


  kinds, sources, and conditions of knowledge
• Metaphysics


  reality if it is limited to physical and nonphysical objects
• Ethics


  study of morality, the appropriate moral principles. Meaning of moral judgments right or wrong behaviour.
• Importance of Philosophy


  • The indefiniteness of Philosophy with regard to the answers that it provides to philosophical questions
  • The impracticality of philosophy; it has no practical benefits and does not satisfy our material needs such as those related to the nourishment of our body
• Philosophy supplements...


  scientific explanations to come up with holistic explanations
• Material cause


  composition of something/ what is a thing made of materially
• Formal cause


  design or form of something that makes it what it is
• Final cause


  purpose of something
• Efficient cause


  one who initiated the change in an object
• Political philosophy


  view of society/ view on labor