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2๏ธโฃ Midterms
๐ C25. Body Fluid Compartments
5. Determination of Volumes of Specific Fluid Compartments
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Cards (20)
What substances can be used to measure total body water?
Radioactive water
and
heavy water
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How do tritium and deuterium measure total body water?
They mix with total body water after injection
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What principle is used to calculate total body water?
The
dilution
principle
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What is another substance used to measure total body water?
Antipyrine
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Why is antipyrine effective for measuring total body water?
It is
lipid soluble
and penetrates
cell membranes
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How can extracellular fluid volume be estimated?
Using substances that disperse in
plasma
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What types of substances are used to measure extracellular fluid volume?
Radioactive
sodium
and
chloride
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How long does it take for substances to disperse in extracellular fluid?
30
to
60
minutes
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What is meant by "sodium space" or "inulin space"?
It refers to measurements of
extracellular fluid
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How is intracellular volume calculated?
By subtracting
extracellular volume
from
total body water
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What substance is commonly used to measure plasma volume?
Radioactive iodine-labeled serum albumin
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Why must a substance used to measure plasma volume not penetrate capillary membranes?
To ensure it remains in the
vascular system
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What dye can be used to measure plasma volume?
Evans blue dye
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How is interstitial fluid volume calculated?
By subtracting
plasma volume
from
extracellular fluid volume
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How can blood volume be calculated?
Using
plasma volume
and
hematocrit
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What equation is used to calculate total blood volume?
Total blood volume =
Plasma volume
/ (1 -
Hematocrit
)
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If plasma volume is 3 liters and hematocrit is 0.40, what is the total blood volume?
5 liters
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How can blood volume be measured using labeled red blood cells?
By measuring
radioactivity
in a blood sample
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What radioactive material is commonly used to label red blood cells?
Radioactive chromium
(
51Cr
)
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Why is radioactive chromium used for labeling red blood cells?
It binds tightly with
red blood cells
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