GCSE PE

Created by

Gracie Horton

Cards (99)

Adaptability 
The potential to change with ease
Adrenaline
Natural hormone released to speed heart rate up
Aerobic
With oxygen. When exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart can supply all the oxygen that the working muscles need
Aerobic equation
Glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water.
Aerobic training zone
The aerobic training zone allows the aerobic system to be trained. (Calculate maximum heart rate (220 bpm) minus age: 220-age and then work at 60-80% of maximum heart rate)
Agonist (prime mover)
Muscle or group responsible for the movement
Altitude
A geographical area (of land) which is over 2,000 m above sea level
Altitude training
Training at altitude where there is less oxygen so that the body adapts by making more red blood cells to carry oxygen which is an advantage for endurance athletes returning to sea level to compete
Altitude sickness
Nausea caused by training at altitude
Alveoli
Air sacs in the lungs
Anaerobic
Without oxygen - When exercise duration is short and at high intensity, the heart and lungs cannot supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as the respiring cells need them
Anaerobic equation
Glucose → energy + lactic acid
Antagonist
Acts to produce the opposite action to the agonist and work in antagonistic pairs
Axis
Imaginary line through the body around which it rotates.
Longitudinal (or vertical) axis
Head to toe
Transverse axis
Through the hips
Sagittal axis
Through the belly button
Backflow
The flowing backwards of blood which valves in the veins prevent from happening
Balance
The maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support - can be static or dynamic
Blood pressure
The pressure that blood is under
Systolic pressure
When the heart is contracting
Diastolic pressure
When the heart is relaxed
Cardiac cycle
The process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole in the atria and ventricles
Cardiac output
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute or stroke volume x heart rate
Cardio-vascular endurance
The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles
Circuit training
A series of exercise stations whereby periods of work are interspersed with periods of rest
Closed season (post)
Period of rest to recuperate where players do gentle aerobic exercise to maintain general fitness and are fully rested and ready for pre-season training
Coordination
The ability to use different (two or more) parts of the body together, smoothly and efficiently
Competition season (peak)
The playing season where performers take part in matches every week and only do maintenance of fitness related to the activity but not too much training as it may cause fatigue, which would decrease performance & concentration on skills/set plays to improve team performance
Continuous training
Involves working for a sustained period of time without rest and it improves cardiovascular fitness
Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)
The pain felt in the muscles the day after exercise
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
Refers to the amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise, it enables lactic acid to be converted to glucose, carbon dioxide and water (using oxygen) and it explains why we continue to breathe deeply and quickly after exercise
Expire 
Breathe out
Fartlek training
Swedish for 'speed play' - Periods of fast work with intermittent periods of slower work and is often used in running, ie sprint, jog, walk, jog, sprint, etc.
Fatigue
Either physical or mental, fatigue is a feeling of extreme or severe tiredness due to a build-up of lactic acid or working for long periods of time
Fitness
The ability to meet/cope with the demands of the environment
FITT
FITT is used to increase the amount of work the body does, in order to achieve overload
F in FITT
Frequency - how often you train
I in FITT
Intensity - how hard you train
T in FITT
Time - the length of the training session