GCSE PE

• Adaptability


  The potential to change with ease
• Adrenaline

  Natural hormone released to speed heart rate up
• Aerobic

  With oxygen. When exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart can supply all the oxygen that the working muscles need
• Aerobic equation

  Glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water.
• Aerobic training zone

  The aerobic training zone allows the aerobic system to be trained. (Calculate maximum heart rate (220 bpm) minus age: 220-age and then work at 60-80% of maximum heart rate)
• Agonist (prime mover)

  Muscle or group responsible for the movement
• Altitude

  A geographical area (of land) which is over 2,000 m above sea level
• Altitude training

  Training at altitude where there is less oxygen so that the body adapts by making more red blood cells to carry oxygen which is an advantage for endurance athletes returning to sea level to compete
• Altitude sickness

  Nausea caused by training at altitude
• Alveoli

  Air sacs in the lungs
• Anaerobic

  Without oxygen - When exercise duration is short and at high intensity, the heart and lungs cannot supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as the respiring cells need them
• Anaerobic equation

  Glucose → energy + lactic acid
• Antagonist

  Acts to produce the opposite action to the agonist and work in antagonistic pairs
• Axis

  Imaginary line through the body around which it rotates.
• Longitudinal (or vertical) axis

  Head to toe
• Transverse axis

  Through the hips
• Sagittal axis

  Through the belly button
• Backflow

  The flowing backwards of blood which valves in the veins prevent from happening
• Balance

  The maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support - can be static or dynamic
• Blood pressure

  The pressure that blood is under
• Systolic pressure

  When the heart is contracting
• Diastolic pressure

  When the heart is relaxed
• Cardiac cycle

  The process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole in the atria and ventricles
• Cardiac output

  The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute or stroke volume x heart rate
• Cardio-vascular endurance

  The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles
• Circuit training

  A series of exercise stations whereby periods of work are interspersed with periods of rest
• Closed season (post)

  Period of rest to recuperate where players do gentle aerobic exercise to maintain general fitness and are fully rested and ready for pre-season training
• Coordination

  The ability to use different (two or more) parts of the body together, smoothly and efficiently
• Competition season (peak)

  The playing season where performers take part in matches every week and only do maintenance of fitness related to the activity but not too much training as it may cause fatigue, which would decrease performance & concentration on skills/set plays to improve team performance
• Continuous training

  Involves working for a sustained period of time without rest and it improves cardiovascular fitness
• Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)

  The pain felt in the muscles the day after exercise
• Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

  Refers to the amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise, it enables lactic acid to be converted to glucose, carbon dioxide and water (using oxygen) and it explains why we continue to breathe deeply and quickly after exercise
• Expire


  Breathe out
• Fartlek training

  Swedish for 'speed play' - Periods of fast work with intermittent periods of slower work and is often used in running, ie sprint, jog, walk, jog, sprint, etc.
• Fatigue

  Either physical or mental, fatigue is a feeling of extreme or severe tiredness due to a build-up of lactic acid or working for long periods of time
• Fitness

  The ability to meet/cope with the demands of the environment
• FITT

  FITT is used to increase the amount of work the body does, in order to achieve overload
• F in FITT

  Frequency - how often you train
• I in FITT

  Intensity - how hard you train
• T in FITT

  Time - the length of the training session