Lecture

• Pharmacodynamics: action of drugs on living tissue
• Pharmacokinetics: processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
• Pharmacodynamics is what the drug does to the body while pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug
• Pharmacotherapeutics: use of drugs in the treatment of disease
• Posology: study of amount of drug required to produce therapeutics effects
• Therapeutic effect: desired effect to alleviate condition/symptom
• Side effects: effect other than the therapeutic effect; undesirable but not harmful
• Adverse effects: undesirable, potentially harmful drug effect
• Toxic effects are undesirable as well but it also implies drug poisoning
• Drug sensitivity vs drug allergy are different
• Agonist/Ligand: drugs that bind to specific receptor and produce a drug action
• Receptor site: specific location on cell membrane or within cell where the drug attaches to produce an effect
• Antagonist: drugs that bind to specific receptor and block against drug action or cellular fxn
• Ceiling effect: point at which further dose increases but there is no greater effect
• Dose: exact amount of drug required to produce specific effect
• Potency: strength/concentration of drug required to produce a certain effect
• Record meds by generic name, trade name, class, type and select uses
• elixirs contain alcohol but are sweetened
• capsules are very exact because there aren't any solvents
• Transdermal is a slow release option of medication but its also continuous
• The most common routes are oral and parenteral
• IV and IA are the only drugs that don't have to pass thru membranes, linings or vessels to enter the bloodstream
• Intranasal has a similar action of onset to IV
• Subcutaneous is slower than intramuscular
• Aspirin needs to be chewed but not swallowed for some time
• Transport mechanisms for membranes: passive transport(passive vs facilitated diffusion), active transport and endocytosis
• General anesthetics are highly lipid soluble
• Most drugs are water soluble and partially lipid soluble
• Bioavailability: measure how much a drug is absorbed in an unchanged form
• Taking more drugs doesn't increase rate of absorption
• Lower GI tract is the a more basic environment
• Morphine is a basic drug
• The 3 factors that affect how much will reach the site: Plasma protein binding, Blood flow and Blood brain barrier
• There is a lot variation in how drug binding to plasma proteins according to classes
• Adipose tissue has low blood supply
• Drugs can stay in the adipose tissue for a long time; if someone loses a lot of fat, the drug can essentially leak out and cause adverse effects or toxicity
• Main organ for drug metabolism is the Liver
• Hepatic metabolism: involves the activity of enzymes, the primary one being Cytochrome P450.
• Hepatic metabolism varies greatly based on the PT
• The main fxn of the DMMS is to take lipid soluble drugs and then biotransform them into water soluble drugs