Family diversity

• Family diversity 5 types

  Rapoport and Rapoport

  5 types of diversity - cultural, class, organisation, life stage and generational
• Family diversity Asian culture

  Ballard

  concluded that families from Gujarat, Punjab had a strong sense of family identity and community as a consequence of migrating to England

  1st gen typically more conservative and 2nd gender more likely to challenge aspects of their culture
• Family diversity

  Amos and Palmar

  suggests that black women also gain support from their family, in a way that is not achieved for white women
• family diversity visiting union relationships

  Barrow

  notes that many African Caribbean families are in steady relationships, both caring for their children but are 'visiting union' relationships i.e they do not live together
• Family diversity

  The Labour Force Survey 2002

  revealed that Pakistani and Bangladeshi households only had 9% of being a lone parent family
• Family Diversity class diversity

  Everseley and Bannerjea

  class impacts family structure - income impacts quality of housing and social life - whether holidays can be taken
• family diversity Neo Conventional Family

  Chester (functionalist)

  where there are 2 partners often who are married and have children together

  even when these arrangements cease to exist it is often the divorcing couple will seek to either live with someone else again or remarry
• Family diversity benefits of marriage

  Benson (New Right)

  argue that couples are more stable when married - divorce rates are lower than rate of break ups among cohabiting couples

  marriage more stable due to deliberate commitment
• Family diversity criticism of New Right

  Oakley

  argues the New Right wrongly assume husband and wives roles are fixed in biology as many studies show men and women are equally efficient at doing each role
• Family diversity

  Gittens

  family diversity can be a liberating force

  it allows women to choose which family type suits them
• Family diversity

  Stacey (PoMo)

  argues greater family choice allows women to free themselves from 'patriarchal oppression'
• Family diversity divorce extended family

  Stacey (PoMo)

  family structure whose members are connected by divorce and may include former in-laws

  interviews and found these women created a new type of family hat suited their needs
• Family diversity

  Morgan (PoMo)

  pointless making large scale generalisations on the family as a family is what those involved choose to call it
• Family diversity fragmentation

  Cheal (PoMo)

  we live in a post modern world where family structures are fragmented and people plot their own life courses without feeling the need to pander to tradition
• Family diversity confluent love

  Giddens (PoMo)

  individuals are now looking to create relationships based on love and respect

  as soon these don't fulfil our needs, we will look for someone else
• Family diversity individualisation thesis

  Giddens and Beck

  argues traditional structures such as gender, class and the family has lost influence

  we have become free to become disembedded from traditional roles and do as we want
• Family diversity Pure relationship

  Giddens

  what holds relationships together is no longer the law, religion or social norms but rather intimate relationships are based on individual choice and equality

  this relationship purely exists to satisfy each partners needs
• Family diversity risk society

  Beck

  tradition has less influence over people and have more choice and consequently we are more aware of risks and this is because making choices involves calculating risks and reward of different options
• Family diversity zombie family

  Beck

  in today's risk society people turn to the family in hopes of finding security and people want it to be a 'haven'

  however todays family cannot provide this due to its own instability - a family that appears to be alive but is dead
• Family diversity criticism of PLP

  Budgeon

  the individualisation thesis exaggerates how much choice people have - traditional norms have not weakened as much as this thesis claims
• Family diversity web of connectedness

  Budgeon (PLP)

  this thesis sees people as disembedded , free individuals however it ignores that decisions we make are made within a social context - we care about what others think
• Family diversity class still important

  Budgeon (PLP)

  thesis ignores structural factors such as social class inequalities and patriarchal gender norms in limiting relationship choice
• Family diversity

  Einadottir

  2011 PLP

  whilst lesbianism is tolerated, heteronormativity means many lesbians feel forced to remain in the closet- limits relationship choice
• Family diversity

  Childline 2002

  in Britain there are over 2.5 million children in step families

  around 85% of stepfamilies are formed after a relationship breakdown
• Family diversity

  Weeks

  there are more openly gay or lesbian households than in the past

  number of civil partnership couple families have increased from 13,000 in 2006 to 60,453 in 2012