Demography

• Demography citizens, denizens and helots

  Cohen

  3 types of migrant:

  1. Citizens= with full citizenship rights- voting, access to benefits. since the 1970s the UK has made it harder for immigrants to acquire these rights
  2. Denizens= privileged foreign nationals welcomed by the state e.g Billionaires
  3. Helots= most exploited group - regarded as 'disposable units of labour power', a reserve army of labour
• Demography feminisation of migration

  Shutes

  reports that 40% of adult care nurses in the UK are migrants- most are female
• Demography hybrid identities

  Eade

  2nd gen Bangladesi muslims in Britain created hierarchal identities - saw themself as Muslim first, then Bengali then British
• Demography shallow/deep diversity

  Eriken

  shallow diversity such as regarding chicken Tikka Masala as Britains favourite dish is acceptable to the state

  deep diversity such as arranged marriage is not acceptable to the state
• Demography

  Castles and Kosack

  assimilation ideas may encourage worker to blame migrants for social problems such as unemployment, resulting in racist scapegoating

  they argue this benefits capitalism as it creates a divided working class
• Demography

  Langford and Johnson

  found differences between classes increased over the period of 2001 - 2008

  the mortality rate of those in manual occupations was 2.0 times of those in managerial positions and by 2008 this rate increased to 2.3

  this indicates social class inequalities in mortality has increased recently
• Demography

  Bhui

  African-Caribbean's with mental health problems are more likely than other ethnic groups to be compulsory detained
• Demography

  Griffiths Report 1988

  focused on the 'escalating costs' and 'demographic timebomb' that the elderly are going to have on the rest of society
• Demography

  Townsend

  one reason for the negative attitudes towards the elderly is that old age has been socially constructed into a period of dependency by creating a statutory retirement age and are forced to rely on inadequate benefits
• Demography

  reduction of the death rate due to :

  improved nutrition (McKeown)

  fall in number of infectious diseases (Tranter)