EQ1

• The traditional views of development was primarily focused on economic modes of development
• human development - the new broader viewing of development concerning the increase in human quality of life
• GDP - the total value of goods and services a country produces in a year .
• GDP reflects a country’s economic activity can be used to compare the economic performance of countries
• advantage of GDP - gives information about the size of economy and how an economy is performing
• disadvantage of GDP - it is a single mode of development not a composite so not as much of a broad representation . also does not show environment
• GDP per capita - GDP per capita is the GDP divided by the population.. gives a measurement of mean wealth per person
• advantages of GDP per capita - provides an insight into a country’s domestic population
• disadvantages of GDP per capita - cn be a disguise of great disparity between the poor and rich can vary due to population
• GDP per capita PPP - adjusted according to PPP considers the difference in costs of living between countries
• GDP per capita advantages - allows for standard comparisons of real prices
• disadvanatges of GDP per capita PPP - failure to indicate the degree of income inequality
• GNI - total wealth created by an income in terms of income flows
• advantages of GNI - recognises all income that goes into a natives economy
• disadvantages of GNI - extremes are not usually picked up
• traditional single economic development measures - GDP , GNI , GDP Per capita
• composite human development measures - HDI , happy planet index , human freedom index
• HDI - composite measue that simplifies the progress through people and their capabilities .
• HDI incorporates , life expectancy , education (literacy and school leaving age ) GDP per capita
• advantages of HDI - composite measure of development so incorporates many social and economic factors
• disadvantages of HDI - does not take into account the environment
• happy planet index - a measure of the degree to which a country is sustainable
• advantages of happy planet index - takes into account wellbeing , takes into account the environment
• disadvantages of happy lancet index - experienced well being is hard to standardise
• human freedom index - considers politics , human rights and freedom status
• advantages of human freedom index - causes on social aspects , human rights and is a composite measure
• disadvantages of human freedom index - no economical factors , had to quantify some factors
• top 3 countries regarding GDP are very high earning countries with a large population and contain consumer societies
• GDP per capita possibly countries with a low populations however are either MIC or HIC . rich populations
• Countries with a high HDI are usually higher in taxation so are able to re-implement this money back into the country in the for of welfare states
• Bolivia - Evo morales won a place in office in 2014 , anti-colonialist views , push on protection to Bolivia's natural resources . around 500,000 Bolivians have been lifted out of poverty , distribution of economic benefits . little care in terms of development such as education etc .
• sharia law - law of Islam , can be seen in terms of a woman only having 1 husband howver a man is able to have 4 wives and a woman cannot drive a car . of all legal systems sharia is perhaps the most intrusive and strict . this law is implemented in countries such as saudi arabia , iran and oman.
• Hans Rosling - Swedish doctor and statistician who is known for his work on global health and development. stated that the world has improved in terms of health and life expectancy recognised that in the future the environment and life expectancy needed to be recognised
• Hans rosling - had an a very positive outlook of global development .
• some believe rosling has oversimplified the status of global development .
• inexorable - impossible to stop or prevent
• overshoot - occurs when people use sue energy and biological resources faster than ecosystems can regenerate and replenish
• social determinants of health - factors outside of medical care that affect our health eg income level , housing conditions , employment status , social support networks , educational attainment , physical environments etc
• 33,000 people extra cases of cancer in the UK each year associate with deprivation
• during the coronavirus pandemic people from black and Asian backgrounds were at a greater risk of dying compared to white people