Unit 2

• What is mitosis?

  Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
• Identify which phase it is in the mitosis cycle.

  Interphase- cell spends 90 percent of its time here and chromosomes duplicate

  Prophase- Spindle fibers start to form

  Metaphase- Spindle fibers bring chromosomes to the center

  Anaphase- The copies have been separated and then stretched apart

  Telophase - A membrane nuclei forms

  Cytokinesis - surface membrane forms and separates the cells.
• What are the visible chromosomes called in the mitosis cell cycle?

  Chromatin condensation
• What is another name for asexual reproduction?

  Binary fissun
• What is a benign tumour?

  Non-cancerous growth.
• What is a malignant tumor.?

  They are fast and invasive cancers that take over your tissues
• What is the biology definition of growth?

  Increase in size or number of cells.
• How can the growth of a baby be measured?

  Height and weight measurements, as well as head circumference,
• Problems with the baby include and result in?

  too much weight = obseity

  Too less weight = digestion problems

  No height = hormonal problems
• Why do cells differentiate?

  so that they can specialize in a certain task and then they can perform it well.
• State the zones of a root hair cell.

  Zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation
• What is the measurement of growth?

  FINAL VALUE - STARTING VALUE

  ----------------------------- X 100

  STARTING VALUE
• What are stem cells?

  Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to develop into different types of specialized cells in the body.
• What are embryonic stem cells?

  They are cells from an embryo that can differentiate into any cell.
• What are adult stem cells?

  They can only specialize into the cells of the tissue that is around them and during transplant they have a higher chance of getting rejected.
• After how many weeks of differentiation is the brain formed?

  3 weeks
• What is the cerebral cortex ?

  It is the outer layer of the brain that divides into 2 parts. Left controlling right and right controlling left. It takes over 80% of the brain. The main functions are - senses

  - language

  - memory

  - behavior

  - consciousness
• What does the hippocampus do?

  Memory processing
• What does the hypothalamus do?

  4 f's and tempreture

  food

  fleet

  fight

  mate
• What does the cerebrum do?


  Base of the brain

  functions - balance

  - posture

  - timing

  - fine control ofmuscles

  - smooth movement
• What does Medulla do?

  Controls vital bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate.
• What are MRI scans?

  Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans. They ask patient to do stuff and then they see stimulation
• What is CT scan?

  Computed Tomography (CT) scan is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer processing to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
• What is a PET scan?

  A tracer is ingested by patient and goes to stimulated part to detect cancer
• Damage to the spinal cord?

  Paralysis and no control over the body.

  Stem cells cant differentiate into neurons so if damaged too bad
• How do you treat brain tumors?

  The Tumors crush parts of the brain leading in damage.
• Why is chemo bad?

  As it injects drugs and your body may reject it or your cells may get further damaged.
• What is the central nervous system made of?

  The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
• What does stimulus mean?

  A stimulus is something that causes a response or reaction in an organism or system.
• What is an effecter?

  An effector is a muscle or gland that responds to signals from the nervous system.
• Describe the sensory neuron?

  It takes information from the body that has detected the stimuli to the central nervous system via the spinal cord
• What are relay neurons?

  They are in the spinal cord and they help transfer information between the Central Nervous System
• What is the motor neuron?

  The motor neuron takes information away from the Central nervous system and towards the effectors.
• What is the myelin sheath?

  Insulating layer around nerve fibers to stop short circuits
• What do dendrites do?

  They bring information to the neuron
• What does the axon do?

  It takes information away from the central nervous sustem.
• What is the reflex arc?

  stimuli, sensory receptor, spinal cord, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron, effector
• What is a synapse?

  A synapse is a junction between two nerve cells where information is transmitted.
• What is the role of the cones in the eye?

  Color vision.
• What is the role of rods in eyes?

  Vision in low light conditions.