transport in plants

• what do Epidermis tissues do?

  cover the outer surfaces of the plant for protection
• what do Palisade mesophyll tissues do?

  the main site of photosynthesis in the leaf
• what does Spondy mesophyll do?

  air space between the cells allow gases to diffuse through the leaf
• what does Xylem vessel tissue do?

  transport water and minerals through the plant, from roots to leaves. Also support the leaf
• what do Meristem tissues do?

  mainly found at the tips of the roots and shoots, where it can produce new cells for growth
• the leaf is a plant organ
• what is near the top of the leaf?

  many chloroplast to trap maximum sunlight
• what does the stomata allow?

  diffusion of the gases in and out of the leaf and can be opened and closed by the guard cells
• where are the stomata found?

  at the bottom surface of the leaf, so light doesn't shine directly on them, which reduces water loss
• how does water enter the plant

  from the soil
• what cells are specialised to transport water, minerals and sugars around the plant?

  • root hair cells
  • xylem cells
  • phloem cells
• where are water and minerals transported through?

  xylem vessels, from the roots to the stems and leaves
• what happens at the leaves?

  most of the water will evaporate and diffuse out of the stomata
• what is transpiration?

  water loss from the leaves
• what factors can affect the rate of transpiration?

  • increased temperature will increase the rate
  • faster airflow will increase the rate
  • increases light intensity will increase the rate, as it causes the stomata to open
• at night the stomata is closed as carbon dioxide is not needed for photosynthesis, so it would reduce water loss
• what happens when there's lots of water?

  guard cells will take up the water and bend, causing the stomata to open, so gases for photosynthesis are free to move in and out of the stomata along with water from transpiration
• what happens when water is scarce?

  stomata will change shape and close. This stops the plant from losing more water through transpiration
• what is translocation?

  the movement of food through phloem tissue
• phloem tissues transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant