ASTR 4,5,6

• When it comes to the solar system, their orbits are scaled but not their sizes
• there are two main factors that affect our solar system formation:

  1. gravitation
  2. rotation
• the solar system formation: formed from a vast cloud called SOLAR NEBULA
• solar nebula: interstellar gas + dust
• according to the greeks:

  • planet = water
  • astroids = rocks
• COLLISIONS in the early solar system led to planet formation.
• another piece of proof of collisions is the craters on the moon
• According to UV photons starting lowest to highest:

  1. Trotosphere
  2. Stratosphere
  3. Mesosphere
  4. Thermosphere
• Ozone Cycle: (these formulas go back + forth)

  • ozone molecule + UV rays = O2 + single atom of oxygen
  • single atom of oxygen + 02 = ozone molecule
• earth's interior: rocky mantle + iron = rich core
• the centre of the earth has 4 layers: (starting from outside and working in)

  1. the crust
  2. the mantle
  3. the outer core
  4. the inner core
• why is the earth hit inside:

  1. collision of rocks our planet formed from
  2. internal friction due to collides of rock
  3. radioactive elements + the nuclear fission
• the main source of the earth's internal structure is the seismic waves analysis
• how the seismic waves analysis works:

  • waves are detected
  • there are 2 classifications of waves (P waves and S waves)
  • these waves are known to REFLECT, ABSORB, TRANSMIT, REFRACT
• P waves:

  • pass through solid
  • pass through liquid
• S waves:

  • pass through solid
  • DOES NOT pass through liquid
• Alfred Wagner:

  • Pangaea
  • Discovered continental drift
• Mechanism of Plate techtonics:

  • connection currents in the earth's interior lead to the rigid plates extremely slow motion
  • (they dont move on their own they move like how ice floats on the surface of the ocean)
• Pangaea - Laurasia - TODAY
• 2 examples of collisions + seperation:

  • seperation: syrian - african rift
  • collision: himilayas
• 75% of the earth's surface is the ocean
• Water cycle:

  
• the earth's magnetic field: in spite of core being rich with iron, iron loses its magnetic properties. (this means, the source of the magnetic field on earth is ELECTRIC CURRENTS in iron core)
• Moon formation hypothesis:

  1. collision ejection: newly formed earth struck at angle by asteroid about 4.5 billion years ago w/in 1st 100 million years of earth existence
• the reason we've only seen one side of the moon is because of syncronous rotation
• the three factors that have shown proof of colonization of the moon:

  1. Lunokhod 1, 1970 & 2-way convo
  2. Apollo 17 & Harrison Schmitt stands next to it
  3. Bringing more tools to the moon
• Tides:

  newtonian explains the earth's buldges
• mercury has no atmosphere
• venus:

  • is a yellowy brown
  • has lots of sulfuric elements
  • its our morning + evening star
• mars:

  • is actually more pink
  • has some unusual features like "the face" being just a hill
  • has 3 volcanos (largest being olympus mons)
• 4 gens of rovers:

  1. soujourner
  2. spirit / opportunity
  3. Curiosity
  4. Perseverance
• phobos (fear) and Deimos (horror) are the 2 astroids captured by mars
• jupiter:

  • relates to zeus (king of gods)
  • clouds move west - east bands
• jupiter internal structure (from out to in)

  1. molecular hydrogen
  2. metallic hydrogen
  3. rocky core
• all of jupiter's moons:

  1. Io
  2. Europa
  3. Ganymede
  4. Calisto
• jupiter's interior creates more gravitational pull than earth
• saturns has 146 moons
• uranus: also has rings
• pluto is a roman name of the greek god heidis
• comets are gas with their trail