Classification of Organisms

Cards (30)

  • What is the purpose of classifying organisms?
    To make them easier to study
  • What does phylogeny study?
    The evolutionary history of groups of organisms
  • What does phylogeny tell us about organisms?
    Who's related to whom and how closely
  • From what do all organisms evolve?
    Shared common ancestors
  • How can the evolutionary relationships of organisms be represented?
    On a phylogenetic tree
  • What is the first branch point in the Hominidae phylogenetic tree?
    A common ancestor of all family members
  • What does the first branch point in the Hominidae tree represent?
    An extinct common ancestor of all members
  • Which group diverged first from the common ancestor in the Hominidae family?
    Orangutans
  • Which species diverged after gorillas in the Hominidae family?
    Humans
  • How are closely related species identified on a phylogenetic tree?
    By their branches being close together
  • What is taxonomy?
    The science of classification
  • What does taxonomy involve?
    Naming organisms and organizing them into groups
  • How do scientists classify organisms today?
    By considering phylogeny and evolutionary relationships
  • How many levels of groups are used in classification?
    Eight levels
  • What are the groups in classification called?
    Taxa
  • How are taxa arranged in classification?
    In a hierarchy from largest to smallest
  • What is the largest group in the taxonomic hierarchy?
    Domain
  • What is the smallest group in the taxonomic hierarchy?
    Species
  • What defines a species?
    A group of similar organisms able to reproduce
  • What happens when a female horse breeds with a male donkey?
    The offspring will be infertile
  • Why do scientists update classification systems?
    Due to discoveries about new species and evidence
  • What is the binomial system?
    A naming system for classification
  • How many parts does the scientific name in the binomial system have?
    Two parts
  • What is the first part of the scientific name?
    The genus name
  • How is the genus name written in the binomial system?
    With a capital letter
  • How is the species name written in the binomial system?
    With a lowercase letter
  • How are scientific names formatted in writing?
    In italics or underlined if handwritten
  • Why is the scientific naming system important?
    It avoids confusion of common names
  • What are the eight levels of classification in taxonomy?
    1. Domain
    2. Kingdom
    3. Phylum
    4. Class
    5. Order
    6. Family
    7. Genus
    8. Species
  • What are the key features of the binomial naming system?
    • Two parts: genus and species
    • Genus name capitalized
    • Species name in lowercase
    • Written in italics or underlined