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Biology Paper 1
4.C. Diversity and Classification
Classification of Organisms
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Created by
Myla Phillips Vessey
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Cards (30)
What is the purpose of classifying organisms?
To
make
them
easier
to
study
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What does phylogeny study?
The
evolutionary
history of groups of organisms
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What does phylogeny tell us about organisms?
Who's
related
to whom and how closely
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From what do all organisms evolve?
Shared common ancestors
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How can the evolutionary relationships of organisms be represented?
On a
phylogenetic
tree
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What is the first branch point in the Hominidae phylogenetic tree?
A common
ancestor
of all family members
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What does the first branch point in the Hominidae tree represent?
An extinct common
ancestor
of all members
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Which group diverged first from the common ancestor in the Hominidae family?
Orangutans
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Which species diverged after gorillas in the Hominidae family?
Humans
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How are closely related species identified on a phylogenetic tree?
By their
branches
being close together
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What is taxonomy?
The science of
classification
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What does taxonomy involve?
Naming
organisms
and organizing them into groups
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How do scientists classify organisms today?
By considering
phylogeny
and
evolutionary
relationships
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How many levels of groups are used in classification?
Eight
levels
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What are the groups in classification called?
Taxa
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How are taxa arranged in classification?
In a hierarchy from
largest
to
smallest
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What is the largest group in the taxonomic hierarchy?
Domain
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What is the smallest group in the taxonomic hierarchy?
Species
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What defines a species?
A group of similar
organisms
able to
reproduce
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What happens when a female horse breeds with a male donkey?
The
offspring
will be
infertile
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Why do scientists update classification systems?
Due to discoveries about new
species
and
evidence
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What is the binomial system?
A naming system for
classification
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How many parts does the scientific name in the binomial system have?
Two
parts
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What is the first part of the scientific name?
The
genus name
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How is the genus name written in the binomial system?
With a
capital
letter
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How is the species name written in the binomial system?
With a
lowercase
letter
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How are scientific names formatted in writing?
In
italics
or
underlined
if handwritten
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Why is the scientific naming system important?
It avoids confusion of
common names
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What are the eight levels of classification in taxonomy?
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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What are the key features of the binomial naming system?
Two parts:
genus
and
species
Genus name
capitalized
Species name in
lowercase
Written in
italics
or underlined
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