Glycolysis

• Aerobic Respiration: Glycolysis

  • Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration
  • It takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and involves:
  • Trapping glucose in the cell by phosphorylating the molecule
  • Splitting the glucose molecule in two
• • Glycolysis results in the production of
  • 2 Pyruvate (3C) molecules
  • Net gain 2 ATP
  • 2 reduced NAD
• Steps of glycolysis

  • Phosphorylation: glucose (6C) is phosphorylated by 2 ATP to form fructose bisphosphate (6C)

  Glucose + 2ATP → Fructose bisphosphate

  • Lysis: fructose bisphosphate (6C) splits into two molecules of triose phosphate (3C)

  Fructose bisphosphate → 2 Triose phosphate

  • Oxidation: hydrogen is removed from each molecule of triose phosphate and transferred to coenzyme NAD to form 2 reduced NAD

  4H + 2NAD → 2NADH + 2H+

  • Dephosphorylation: phosphates are transferred from the intermediate substrate molecules to form 4 ATP through substrate-linked phosphorylation

  4Pi + 4ADP → 4ATP
• • Pyruvate is produced: the end product of glycolysis which can be used in the next stage of respiration

  2 Triose phosphate → 2 Pyruvate
• The process of glycolysis

  A) glucose

  B) ATP

  C) ADP

  D) ATP

  E) biphosphate

  F) Phosphorylation

  G) Lysis

  H) triose

  I) oxidation

  J) NAD+

  K) NADH

  L) 2 ADP

  M) 2 ATP

  N) dephosphorylation

  O) pyruvate

  P) 2 NADH

  Q) 4 ATP