Transmission Genetics

• Transmission genetics is a study of patterns of inheritance from generation to generation
• Population Genetics is about concerning genetic traits in large numbers of individuals
• Genotype frequencing is about calculating the homozygous dominant, heterozygous & homozygous recessive
• Allele frequencing is about calculating in the population the dominant and recessive.
• Is an Austrian monk, worked in a monastery of St. Thomas in Brunn of Czech Republic, and a teacher?

  Gregor Mendel
• What is the scientific name for garden peas?

  Pisum sativum
• What are the 3 Mendel's Law of Inheritance?

  Law of dominance, segregation & Independent Assortment
• True breeding or Pure breeding allowed to self pollinate so that they would produce offspring identical to themselves.
• Hybrids is the offspring of cross between parents with different traits
• Parental homozygous or Parental generation is always homozygous genotype (dominant/recessive)
• Filial 1 is the offspring of parental and always heterozygous genotype
• Law of Dominance in a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation.
• Genotype is a genetic composition represented by letters
• Phenotype is the physical trait or the trait expressed by the genotype
• F1 cross is a recessive traits that reappeared, roughly 1/4 of the F2 plants showed a recessive trait. Heterozygous x heterozygous
• F2 generation is the second filial generation, can cross between F1 generation and all genotypes are possible.
• Punnett square is a diagram used to determine genetic crosses
• Monohybrid cross (one-factor cross) is when we only cross one trait or one factor. It is also First experiment of Mendel
• Law of Segregation is Mendel's first law, it states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization. Each gene is passed on to the next generation on its own
• Testcross a cross between an organism that is heterozygous for one or more genes (for example Aa) and an organism that is homozygous for the recessive alleles
• Dihybrid cross (two-factor cross) is when two traits, or two factors, are crossed at once
• Law of Independent Assortment is the pairs of alleles segregate independently of one another during gamete formation
• Wild type is a typical form of a species as it occurs in nature, most common expression of an allele combination in a population and a product of the standard "normal" allele at a locus
• Mutant phenotype is a traits that are alternative to the wild type and a variant of a gene's expression that arises when the gene undergoes a change.
• Codominance is when heterozygotes express both alleles equally
• Multiple Alleles has more than 2 alternatives forms of gene (alleles) that can occupy the same locus
• Incomplete dominance is a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits
• Pedigree Analysis shows the members of the family who are affected by a genetic trait
• Mode of Transmission: Dominance is whether the disease alleles are dominant or recessive
• Mode of Transmission: Linkage is whether the disease alleles are X-linked or autosomal
• Autosomal dominant have no sex predilection and affected individual transmits disease to 1/2 of offsprings
• Autosomal recessive affected individual transmits disease to 1/4 of offsprings. Consanguinity increases risk of autosomal recessive disorders
• X-linked dominant is when male transmits disease only to the daughters (all daughters) while the female transmits disease to sons and daughters
• X-linked recessive is when males are affected, it is likely to be X-linked recessive, while female only acts as carriers and remain unaffected
• Y-linked or holandric is a type that never skips generation and only males are affected (father transmits the disease to son)