General science

• Independent variable causes an effect on the dependent variable. Example: How long you sleep (independent variable) affects your test score (dependent variable). This makes sense, but: Example: Your test score affects how long you sleep.
• A control variable is any variable that's held constant in a research study.
• The independent variable is what changes or varies from one condition to another

  
• The dependent variable is what is measured and recorded as it responds to the change in the independent variable
• The dependent variable is what is measured or observed as it responds to the change in the independent variable