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GCSE Geography
global atmospheric circulation P1
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Cards (62)
What process describes the transfer of heat from the equator to the poles via air movement?
Global atmospheric circulation
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Why does air move in the atmosphere?
Due to
air pressure
differences
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From what type of pressure to what type of pressure does wind blow?
High
to low pressure
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What is characteristic of high pressure systems?
Cool air
descends
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What is characteristic of low pressure systems?
Warm air
ascends
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What drives the global atmospheric circulation system?
The
equator's
heat
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Why is the equator the hottest part of the Earth?
The sun is
strongest
there
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What happens when air rising from the equator reaches the edge of the atmosphere?
It travels
North
and
South
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What happens to air at the equator as it warms?
It rises, leading to
low pressure
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At approximately what latitude does air that rose at the equator descend?
30 degrees
North and South
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What conditions are created when air descends at 30 degrees North and South?
High pressure
and dry conditions
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Why does air become colder and denser as it moves away from the equator?
The equator's
solar radiation
is no longer there
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What are the names of the atmospheric cells?
Hadley
,
Ferrel
, and
Polar
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What do global atmospheric circulation patterns create across the planet?
Winds
and areas of rainfall
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What type of biome is typically found in areas of high rainfall due to atmospheric circulation?
Tropical rainforests
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What type of biome is typically found in areas of dry air due to atmospheric circulation?
Deserts
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In the Hadley cell, what heats the ground intensely?
The Sun
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What type of pressure zone is created when air rises at the equator in the Hadley cell?
Low pressure zone
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What type of clouds are formed as air rises and cools in the Hadley cell?
Thick
Columbus
clouds
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What happens to the rising air in the Hadley cell as it reaches the upper atmosphere?
It
separates
and
moves
North
and
South
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At what latitude does the air in the Hadley cell cool and sink, forming the subtropical high-pressure zone?
30 degrees
North and South
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What conditions are created as air sinks in the subtropical high-pressure zone of the Hadley cell?
Warmer
and
drier
conditions
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What is the result of the air sinking in the subtropical high-pressure zone in terms of cloud cover and rainfall?
Little
cloud
and
low
rainfall
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What are the surface winds flowing back towards the equator in the Hadley cell called?
Trade winds
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What are the trade winds called in the Northern Hemisphere?
Northeast trade winds
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What are the trade winds called in the Southern Hemisphere?
Southeast
trade winds
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What force causes the trade winds to flow to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere?
Coriolis force
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Where does the Ferrel cell occur?
Between
30 and 60
degrees
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What winds are formed as air on the surface is pulled towards the poles in the Ferrel cell in the Northern Hemisphere?
Warm
Southwest
winds
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What winds are formed as air on the surface is pulled towards the poles in the Ferrel cell in the Southern Hemisphere?
Northwesterly winds
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What happens to the winds in the Ferrel cell as they travel over the oceans?
They
pick
up
moisture
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What happens when the warmer air from the tropics meets cold air from the poles at around 60 degrees North and South?
The warmer air
rises
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What type of pressure is caused by the uplift of air when warmer air from the tropics meets cold air from the poles?
Low pressure
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What weather conditions are associated with mid-latitude depressions caused by the uplift of air in the Ferrel cell?
Unstable weather
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What causes much of the wet and windy weather in the UK?
Mid-latitude depressions
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Why is it coldest at the poles?
Least
solar radiation
happens there
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What happens to air at the poles as it cools?
It
sinks
towards the ground
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What type of pressure is formed as air sinks at the poles?
High pressure
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What is the high pressure at the poles known as?
Polar High
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In the Polar cell, how does air flow after sinking at the poles?
Towards the lower
latitudes
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