global atmospheric circulation P1

Cards (62)

  • What process describes the transfer of heat from the equator to the poles via air movement?
    Global atmospheric circulation
  • Why does air move in the atmosphere?
    Due to air pressure differences
  • From what type of pressure to what type of pressure does wind blow?
    High to low pressure
  • What is characteristic of high pressure systems?
    Cool air descends
  • What is characteristic of low pressure systems?
    Warm air ascends
  • What drives the global atmospheric circulation system?
    The equator's heat
  • Why is the equator the hottest part of the Earth?
    The sun is strongest there
  • What happens when air rising from the equator reaches the edge of the atmosphere?
    It travels North and South
  • What happens to air at the equator as it warms?
    It rises, leading to low pressure
  • At approximately what latitude does air that rose at the equator descend?
    30 degrees North and South
  • What conditions are created when air descends at 30 degrees North and South?
    High pressure and dry conditions
  • Why does air become colder and denser as it moves away from the equator?
    The equator's solar radiation is no longer there
  • What are the names of the atmospheric cells?
    Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar
  • What do global atmospheric circulation patterns create across the planet?
    Winds and areas of rainfall
  • What type of biome is typically found in areas of high rainfall due to atmospheric circulation?
    Tropical rainforests
  • What type of biome is typically found in areas of dry air due to atmospheric circulation?
    Deserts
  • In the Hadley cell, what heats the ground intensely?
    The Sun
  • What type of pressure zone is created when air rises at the equator in the Hadley cell?
    Low pressure zone
  • What type of clouds are formed as air rises and cools in the Hadley cell?
    Thick Columbus clouds
  • What happens to the rising air in the Hadley cell as it reaches the upper atmosphere?
    It separates and moves North and South
  • At what latitude does the air in the Hadley cell cool and sink, forming the subtropical high-pressure zone?
    30 degrees North and South
  • What conditions are created as air sinks in the subtropical high-pressure zone of the Hadley cell?
    Warmer and drier conditions
  • What is the result of the air sinking in the subtropical high-pressure zone in terms of cloud cover and rainfall?
    Little cloud and low rainfall
  • What are the surface winds flowing back towards the equator in the Hadley cell called?
    Trade winds
  • What are the trade winds called in the Northern Hemisphere?
    Northeast trade winds
  • What are the trade winds called in the Southern Hemisphere?
    Southeast trade winds
  • What force causes the trade winds to flow to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere?
    Coriolis force
  • Where does the Ferrel cell occur?
    Between 30 and 60 degrees
  • What winds are formed as air on the surface is pulled towards the poles in the Ferrel cell in the Northern Hemisphere?
    Warm Southwest winds
  • What winds are formed as air on the surface is pulled towards the poles in the Ferrel cell in the Southern Hemisphere?
    Northwesterly winds
  • What happens to the winds in the Ferrel cell as they travel over the oceans?
    They pick up moisture
  • What happens when the warmer air from the tropics meets cold air from the poles at around 60 degrees North and South?
    The warmer air rises
  • What type of pressure is caused by the uplift of air when warmer air from the tropics meets cold air from the poles?
    Low pressure
  • What weather conditions are associated with mid-latitude depressions caused by the uplift of air in the Ferrel cell?
    Unstable weather
  • What causes much of the wet and windy weather in the UK?
    Mid-latitude depressions
  • Why is it coldest at the poles?
    Least solar radiation happens there
  • What happens to air at the poles as it cools?
    It sinks towards the ground
  • What type of pressure is formed as air sinks at the poles?
    High pressure
  • What is the high pressure at the poles known as?
    Polar High
  • In the Polar cell, how does air flow after sinking at the poles?
    Towards the lower latitudes