Techniques: tissue culture and cuttings

• Under what conditions does tissue culture occur?

  Sterile conditions
• What is the first step in the plant tissue culture process?

  Tissue sample scraped from parent plant
• Why is each step in the embryo culture process important?

  • Seed Selection: Ensures high quality starting material
  • Washing: Removes dirt and debris
  • Surface Sterilization: Kills microorganisms to prevent contamination
  • Plantlet Development: Allows the plantlet to grow and develop
  • Embryo Excision: Isolates the embryo for culture
  • Embryo Transfer: Provides the embryo with the right growth medium
  • Embryo Growth: Allows the embryo to multiply and develop
  • Acclimation: Helps the plantlet adapt to ex vitro conditions
• How does each step in the embryo culture process build upon the previous one?

  • Seed Selection provides the starting material
  • Washing and Surface Sterilization prepare the material for culture
  • Plantlet Development and Embryo Excision isolate the embryo
  • Embryo Transfer and Growth allow the embryo to multiply and develop
  • Acclimation prepares the plantlet for growth outside the culture environment
• What type of cutting is best for propagating rosemary?

  Stem cutting
• How long does tissue culture typically take?

  Weeks/months
• What is the impact on the parent plant when using tissue culture?

  Minimal tissue needed
• How do the dimensions of the Batonnet cut compare to the Allumette cut?

  Batonnet is thicker than Allumette
• What are the different types of cuttings and their best uses?

  • Stem cuttings: Best for woody plants
  • Root cuttings: Best for some herbaceous plants
  • Leaf cuttings: Best for succulents and some herbs
• What are the main steps in the plant tissue culture process?

  1. Tissue sample scraped from parent plant
  2. Tissue sample placed in agar growth medium containing nutrients and auxins
  3. Samples develop into tiny plantlets
  4. Plantlets planted into compost
• What is used in the growth medium for tissue culture?

  Nutrients and auxins
• What is the purpose of the tiny plantlets that develop from the tissue samples?

  To be planted into compost and grow into new plants
• What is the primary purpose of tissue culture?

  Rapid cloning of plants
• How does the time required for tissue culture compare to that for cuttings?

  Tissue culture takes weeks/months, while cuttings take days/weeks
• What happens to the cells in the growth medium during tissue culture?

  They divide and differentiate into tiny plantlets
• After the plantlets are formed in tissue culture, what is the next step?

  Transfer them to compost for further growth
• What is the name of the largest knife cut shown in the image?

  Large Dice
• What is the name of the smallest knife cut shown in the image?

  Mince
• What is the definition of cuttings in plant propagation?

  Pieces of a parent plant grown in soil
• How does the method of taking a stem cutting differ from a root cutting?

  Stem cuttings involve detaching stems, root cuttings involve detaching roots
• What is the main purpose of using cuttings in plant propagation?

  To clone parent plants
• What conditions are necessary for cuttings to develop roots?

  Moist soil
• Which type of plants are best suited for root cuttings?

  Some herbaceous plants
• What are the different types of culinary knife cuts shown in the image?

  • Large Dice
  • Medium Dice
  • Small Dice
  • Batonnet
  • Allumette
  • Julienne
  • Brunoise
  • Mince
  • Chiffonade
• What are the steps involved in the tissue culture process?

  1. Take a small tissue sample from a parent plant
  2. Grow the sample in a special growth medium with nutrients and auxins
  3. Allow cells to divide and differentiate into tiny plantlets
  4. Transfer plantlets to compost for further growth
• What is the process of propagating rosemary by stem cutting?

  Remove lower leaves and plant in moist soil
• Which microscope would be used to observe the embryo during the excision step?

  Stereomicroscope
• How does the success of cuttings depend on the type of plant used?

  Different plants have varying propagation requirements
• Which type of plants are best suited for leaf cuttings?

  Succulents and some herbs
• What is the first step in the overview of embryo culture?

  Seed Selection
• Why is surface sterilization an important step in embryo culture?

  To kill any microorganisms on the surface of the plant material
• Compare the scale of production between tissue culture and cuttings.

  Tissue culture allows mass production, while cuttings are limited in numbers
• Why are cuttings considered a simple cloning method?

  Because they allow direct growth from parent plant pieces
• What is the significance of removing lower leaves from a stem cutting?

  To promote root development
• What is the scale of production for tissue culture?

  Mass production
• How does the environment differ between tissue culture and cuttings?

  Tissue culture requires sterile conditions, while cuttings use soil-based conditions
• What is the impact on the parent plant when using cuttings?

  Significant portion used
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of tissue culture compared to cuttings?

  Advantages of tissue culture:

  • Rapid cloning of many plants
  • Mass production capability
  • Minimal impact on parent plant

  
  

  Disadvantages of cuttings:

  • Simpler but slower process
  • Requires significant portion of parent plant
• What equipment is used in the different steps of embryo culture?

  • Washing: Washing apparatus
  • Surface Sterilization: Laminar flow hood, autoclave
  • Embryo Excision: Stereomicroscope, dissection tools
  • Embryo Transfer: Sterile pipettes, growth media
• How does the embryo transfer to media step differ from the embryo growth step?

  Embryo transfer involves moving the embryo to a new growth medium, while embryo growth occurs within the same medium