Organisation

• levels of Organisation

  A) Oraganelle

  B) cell

  C) Tissue

  D) Organ

  E) System

  
• Cells

  Make up all living things
• Tissue

  A group of specialised cells with a similar structure and function, can be made of more than one type of cell
• Tissue examples


  • Muscular tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
• Organ


  Formed from a number of different tissues, working together to produce a specific function
• Organ example


  • Stomach
• Organ system

  Organs organised to work together to perform a certain function
• Organ system example

  • Digestive system
• Organs in the digestive system

  • Glands (salivary glands, pancreas)
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum
  • Anus
• Enzymes

  Biological catalysts, substances that increase the rate of reaction without being used up
• Enzyme catalysis


  1. Substrate binding

  2. Transition state facilitation

  3. Catalysis

  4. Release
• Lock and key hypothesis

  The shape of the substrate is complementary to the shape of the active site, so when they bond it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. Once bound, the reaction takes place and the products are released from the surface of the enzyme.
• Optimum pH and temperature for enzymes

  Optimum temperature is around 37 degrees celsius (body temperature). Optimum pH for most enzymes is 7, but some have a low optimum pH.