english

• Expository text

  • Design to explain, inform, and present facts of specific topics.
• Visual verbal relationship

  • The concept of visual- verbal symbiosis is rooted in the idea that "visuals" support "verbals" and vice versa.
• Dwyer 1988

  • Found a symbiotic relationship between visual and verbal literacies when the two are combined to facilitate students achievements.
  • Their primary function is to improve comprehension of a reading material. However, understanding graphic elements is an important aspects of comprehending text that some tend to skip.
• Graph

  • A diagram that shows the relationship of information presented. The following are the different kinds of graph.
• Line graph

  • A kind of graph that presents information trend using data dots connected by straight line segments.
• Bar graph

  • A kind of graph that characterizes categorical data with rectangular bars of equal width.
• Table

  • An organized arrangement of data usually in rows and columns.
• Maps

  • A diagram or visual representation that shows the relative position of the parts of something. It could be a drawing or a photograph.
• Concept map

  • Displays the organization and relationship of concepts and ideas.
• Chart

  • An illustration that presents information in a tubular or circular form.
• Pie graph

  • A circular form that presents how a whole is sliced into parts.
• Flow chart

  • An illustration that shows step-by-step process.
• Infographic

  • A combination of visual images and text presentation of specific information.
• Multimodal text

  • Often live, digital text, or paper-based. It requires the processing of more than one method and the recognition of the interconnection between information.
• Live multimodal text

  • Are shown through combination of different modes such as gestural, spatial, audio, and oral language.
• Dance

  • The expression of an idea or emotion through the use of body movements in a rhythmic way, accompanied with music.
• Oral presentation

  • The delivery of an idea in front of a public audience.
• Digital multimodal text

  • Presented through dynamic combination of various modes across written and spoken language, still and moving visual images, audio, gestures, and spatial communicative resources.
• Films

  • A form of storytelling using a series of moving images shown on the screen, usually with sounds.
• Animation

  • Is a method of storytelling using figures that manipulated to appear as a series of moving images.
• Slideshows

  • A presentation that is based on a series of projected images or photo-graphic slides.
• E- posters or electronic posters

  • A digital presentation of a study that can be accessed through the use of software.
• Digital stories

  • A multimedia presentations of a narrative structure combining a variety of digital elements.
• Paper-based multimodal texts

  • Conveyed to the reader through varying combination of written language and still images.
• Infographics

  • A collection of images, charts, and data to present a quick and clear information.
• Graphic text

  • Presents information and data with the use of words in diagrams and drawings.
• Posters

  • A large printed picture or a notice that is use for advertising or decoration.
• Comics

  • A medium of narration using images combined with text.
• Picture

  • An image or drawing that represents a certain with text.
• Opinion

  • Refers to personal beliefs ( donnchaidh, 2020)
  • Tell about how someone feels, think, or takes a stand about something
  • Influence by a person's experience, background knowledge, emotions, and preferences.
  • Others may agree or disagree with opinion, but they may prove or disapprove them.
• Opinion-marking signal

  • Words or group of words that introduces opinions.
  • used as signal words that will help express and identify opinions
• Comparing

  • The process of looking at the similarities of two things or ideas with the use of appropriate transition signals.
• Contrasting

  • Process of looking at the differences between two things or ideas.
• Literal

  • The words or phrases mean exactly what they are supposed to mean.
• Figurative

  • Implicity express and departs from the dictionary meaning.
• Hyperbole

  • Is the use of exaggeration or overstatement to emphasize a point
• Simile

  • A comparison of two different things using as and like.
• Metaphor

  • A direct comparison of two different things. It does not use as and like.
• Euphemism

  • a mild or indirect expression or word that substitute a crude, blunt, vulgar, embarassing, hurtful or unpleasant word.
• Sarcasm

  • Is used to either annoy or mock someone. The negative message hide in positive expression. Though it is used to inflict pain, it can, on the other hand, be used for humor.