(Gen Chem) Lesson 1. Matter and It's Properties

• Molecules is composed of atoms
• Ions is particles with charges
• All matter is particulate in nature
• Matter can be subdivided into two general categories: distinct substances and mixture
• Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition throughout, while heterogenous mixtures do not
• A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition and exhibits the same properties in different parts of the mixture
• A heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition and its properties vary in different parts of the mixture
• Simple distillation is good for separating a liquid from a solution. For example, water can be separated from salty water

  
• Chromatography is good for separating dissolved substances that have different colors, such as inks and plant dyes

  
• Filtration is good for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

  
• Fractional Distillation is good for separating two or more liquids from each other

  
• This method is called Magnetic Separation

  
• Intensive properties do not change their value when the amount of matter is changed

  
• Extensive properties change their value when the amount of matter or substance is changed

  
• Intensive properties and extensive properties are types of physical properties of matter
• In physical properties, no change in composition takes place during the determination or measurement of these properties
• In chemical properties, a change in composition occurs during the determination or measurement of these properties
• Example of Solid: Ice, Iron nail, sugar, and table salt.

  Example of Liquid: Rubbing alcohol and Cough syrup.

  Example of Gas: Air

  
• Example of Pure Substance is salt, sugar, oxygen, and water.

  Example of Mixture is salad and brown sugar.
• Coffee is an example of Homogenous, while fruit salad is an example of Heterogeneous
• Pure substances are composed of only one component, while mixtures are composed of several components

  
• Elements are pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atoms. Examples: iron; gold; mercury
• Compounds are pure substances made up of two or more kinds of atoms. Examples: salt; sugar; water
• Atoms is the smallest particle

  
• Evaporation is good for separating a soluble solid from a liquid (a soluble substance dissolve, to form a solution