inorganic chemistry

• Ionic compounds are formed when a metal transfers electrons to a nonmetal, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions.
• Tox: Itai-itai disease or Ouch-ouch disease
• Mgt: Palliative therapy
• Ax: Ca EDTA – Immediately given after exposure
• The first element in the periodic table is Oxygen (O2), a non-metal.
• The second element in the periodic table is Silicon (Si), a non-metal.
• Strong Oxidizing agent (in acidic media).
• Self-indicating titrant in permanganometry.
• Dark purple-black crystals/ granular powder, almost opaque by transmitted light and with blue metallic luster by reflected light.
• Local anti-infective, antiseptic (1:5000), deodorant.
• The most abundant metal in the Earth's crust is Aluminum (Al).
• Air consists of Nitrogen (N2) and Oxygen (O2), with a ratio of 71:29.
• Noble gases, such as Argon (Ar), are the least abundant in the Earth's crust.
• Intra- and extracellular ions are the most abundant, major, principal, or 1° ions.
• PISO (K+ IN, Na+ OUT) and PICO (HPO4-2 IN, Cl- OUT) are the most common ions in the body.
• MICO (Mg2+ IN, Ca2+ OUT) and BIO (HCO3- OUT) are the second most common ions in the body.
• HCO3- is the most important physiological buffer system.
• Respiratory acidosis occurs when CO2 (acidic) increases, while respiratory alkalosis occurs when HCO3- (basic) decreases.
• Metabolic acidosis occurs when HCO3- (basic) decreases, while metabolic alkalosis occurs when CO2 (acidic) increases.
• Vitamin E enhances the utilization of Iron (Fe), while Vitamin C and CuSO4 (blue vitriol) enhance the utilization of Copper (Cu).
• Calcium (Ca) and Vitamin D are necessary for the absorption of Phosphorus (P), while Vitamin E masks the blue-green color of Iron (Fe) present in glass.
• Technetium (Tc) is the first element produced artificially, from the decay of Mo99, and is used in radiopharmaceuticals.
• The Light Triad consists of Rhodium (Rh), Ruthenium (Ru), and Palladium (Pd), all with a valence of +2.
• Sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2) are used in dentistry.
• Astatine (As2) is the only metallic, synthetic and radioactive halogen.
• Fluorine (F2) is the super halogen according to Linus Pauling.
• Chlorine (Cl2) is used as a dephlogisticated muriatic acid and as a water disinfectant.
• Tungsten (W) and Uranium (U) are used in the fixation of atmospheric N2.
• Manganese (Mn) is a trace element that serves as a cofactor in phosphorylation and protein, fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.
• The Heavy Triad consists of Osborne (Os), Iridium (Ir), and Platinum (Pt), all with a valence of +3.
• Bromine (Br2) is a dark, reddish brown fuming liquid with a suffocating odor and is a powerful caustic and germicide.
• Manganese (Mn), Technetium (Tc), Rhenium (Re), and Bohrium (Bh) are members of the Manganese Subgroup.
• Rhenium (Re) and Bohrium (Bh) are members of the Iron Triad.
• The Iron Triad consists of Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni), all with a valence of +2 or +3.
• Phenolated iodine or Boulton’s soln is used as an antibacterial, irritant.
• Iodine (I2) is the heaviest nonmetal, easily undergoes sublimation, and is a trace element used for T3 and T4 synthesis.
• Lithium (Li) deficiency can lead to Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia, Hypothyroidism, and Pregnancy problems (teratogenic), while Sodium (Na) deficiency can lead to Hyponatremia and Hypothyroidism.
• Potassium (K) deficiency can lead to Hypokalemia, while Copper (Cu) deficiency can lead to Wilson's disease.
• Cytochrome oxidase (Fe and Cu)
• Cobalt (Co)