Science g8 q2

• Earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the sudden movement of rock materials below the earth's surface.
• A fault is a fracture or zone of facilities between two blocks of rock.
• Focus is a central point or region such as the point at which an earthquake starts, also known as "hypecenter".
• Epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directing above the focus or hypocenter of an earthquake.
• Tsunami is a series of extremely long waves caused by a large and sudden displacement of the ocean.
• Magnitude is the most common measure of an earthquake's size.
• Intensity is a number that characterizes the severity of ground shaking.
• Tremor is an involuntary movement of earth surface caused by stress in the underground rocks.
• Tension refers to a stress which stretches rocks in two opposite directions.
• After shock is a sequence of earthquakes that happen after a larger mainshock on a fault.
• Volcanic earthquake occurs inside volcanoes or close to them.
• The Ring of Fire is a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.
• Seismic wave is a mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth or another planetary body.
• Seismograph is an instrument used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake.
• Seismologists are the scientists who studies earthquakes.
• Tectonic plate is a massive slab of solid rock made up of Earth Lithosphere.
• Convergent boundary is where two or more lithospheric plates collide.
• Divergent boundary is where two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
• Transform fault/boundary, also known "strike-slip", is where the motion is predominantly horizontal.
• Normal fault motion is where one overlying block of land moves or slides down, this is vertical movement.
• Reverse fault motion is where one block of land moves over top of the other one.
• Blind thrust fault motion does not rupture the earth's surface.
• Strike slip motion is where two blocks of land on either side of the fault move past each other horizontally.
• Crust is the thinnest layer of the earth, 2 miles in some areas of the ocean floor to 75 miles deep under mountainside.
• Mantle is the thickest layer of the earth, making up 70% of the earth's mass.
• Core is located about 1, 800 miles beneath the crust and is about 1, 400 miles thick.
• Outer core is molten (liquid) metal that is about 4,700°C (8,500°F).
• Inner core is a solid sphere composed mostly of iron.
• Earth is the only planet that can sustain life.
• Mars is named after the Roman God of war.
• Jupiter is named after the Roman supreme God.
• Saturn is named after the Roman God of agriculture.
• Venus - named after the Goddess of beauty
• Uranus is named after the Greek God, Ouranus.
• Neptune is the God of the sea.
• Comets are found in the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud.
• Comets are made up of rock, methane, ammonia, nitrogen, water, and dust.
• Asteroids are found in the Asteroid Belt and are located between Mars and Jupiter.
• Ceres is considered the largest asteroid found.
• Meteors are also found in Earth's atmosphere.