Feedback

• Feedback involves using the information during or after the performance or a skill to alter how it was performed.
• What are the types of feedback?

  Intrinsic

  Extrinsic

  Positive

  Negative

  Knowledge of results

  Knowledge of performance
• Intrinsic feedback is when sensory information is available to performer that is internal or arising from sensory information.
• Advantages of intrinsic feedback:

  • gets kinaesthetic feedback
  • motivational
  • does not need to rely on other
  • immediate
• Disadvantages of intrinsic feedback:

  • if you get incorrect feedback skill will be performed inaccurately
  • if in the cognitive stage performer will not understand feedback
• Extrinsic feedback is feedback from external sources, shouldn't be overused as the performer may depend on it and ignore the role of extrinsic feedback
• Advantages of extrinsic feedback:

  • coach can help give advice to help improve performance
  • Information should be accurate as it is coming from a qualified coach
• Disadvantages of extrinsic feedback:

  • Inaccurate feedback can lead to negative transfer of skills
  • Does not encourage performer to learn for themselves
• Positive feedback is information that is often extrinsic and rewards performer via praise of positive comments.
• Advantages of positive feedback:

  • Motivational
  • Improves confidence
  • Leads to positive reinforcement and build S-R bonds
• Disadvantage of positive feedback:

  • if undeserved performer may build inappropriate S-R bonds
  • Some performers don't respond well to too much praise and may ignore feedback
• Negative feedback is information about an unsuccessful outcome, often criticism, that can be used to build more successful strategies.
• Advantages of negative feedback:

  • can motivate performer to succeed
  • the performer will be clear about what they need to improve
  • more useful for autonomous learners who are refining skills
• Disadvantages of negative feedback:

  • can be demotivating, especially beginners
  • could be detrimental to the learning process if feedback is inaccurate
• Knowledge of results is external feedback, either from the performer seeing the result of their response or the coach who sae the skill being performed. e.g a cricketer admiring their shots
• Advantages of knowledge of results:

  • shows if performer has been successful
  • statistical and fact based
  • increase motivation
• Disadvantages of knowledge of results:

  • doesn't improve technique
  • too focused on statistics
  • decreased motivation
• Knowledge of performance is feedback about the pattern of movement that has or still is taking place. Technique used not outcome.
• Advantages of knowledge of performance:

  • improved technique
  • improved understanding
  • increases motivation
• Disadvantages of knowledge of performance:

  • decreases motivation