Ruminant Lec P1

• Nili-Ravi

  • Riverine Buffalo
  • Milk type
  • Black color
  • White markings on the forehead, face muzzle and legs

  
• Kundhi

  • Riverine
  • Milk type
  • Solid black
  • Broad forehead, medium sized ears 
  • Horns: small & spirally twisted
  • 6.5% butter fat
  • 1700-2000 kg of milk per lactation

  
• Murrah

  • Riverine
  • Milk type
  • Jet black
  • Used to improve the milk production of dairy buffalo in other countries
  • White markings on the face and leg extremeties, long tail reaching up to fetlock joint
  • Ave. milk production 5-7kg/day

  
• Surti

  • Riverine
  • Milk type
  • Rusty brown to silver gray to black
  • skin: black or brown
  • Horns are flat, sickle shaped and directed downward and backward
  • Seasonal breeders
  • Consume less feed and produces milk with high fat
  • Ave. Lactation 1600-1800 l /5-6kg/day

  
• Jaffarabadi

  • Riverine
  • Color black
  • One of the heaviest buffalo
  • Massive and barrelled conformation, dome shaped forehead
  • Horns are long, heavy, and broad 
  • 2239kg/lactation
  • Fat 7.7%

  
• Carabao

  • Swamp type
  • Native to the Philippines
  • Chevron on the ventral side of the neck
  • Horns: sickle shaped

  
• Thai Buffalo

  • Other names: Siamese Buffalo, Krabua
  • Color black
  • Hair is long
  • Massive and stronghorn to form a moonlike crescent with ends upwards
  • Daily milk ave. - 0.9-1.0kg

  
• Malaysian

  • Swamp-type
  • Draft animal, at the end of its working life, it is salughtered
  • Color: dark gray and occasionally white
  • Horns: crescent

  
• Angus

  •Official name: Aberdeen Angus

  •Scotland

  •Oldest breed in Britain

  •Black in color smooth hair coat, polled, compact and low-set body

  •Cow: 550 kg, Bulls:850 kg

  •Alert and vigorous breed 

  •desirable carcass of high quality well- marbled meat

  •Dominant polled gene

  
• Angus

  •United States

  •Developed from crossing red with red from Black Angus

  o Recessive gene

  o offspring is always red

  •Similar in all respects to the

  Angus, except for its gold red

  color

  
• •developed in Texas

  Beefmaster

  •1st Composite Breed

  •Dual purpose

  •Result from crosses from(25%) Hereford,(25%)Shorthorn and（50%）Brahmans

  •Color: Red,Dun

  •Horned or polled

  •Good disposition, fertility weight gain, conformation hardiness and milk production excellent mothering ability

  
• Belmont Red

  •Tropical beef breed

  •50% Africander,25% Hereford and 25% Shorthorn.

  •Developed in an attempt to improve the Bos indicus fertility while retaining the

  characteristics of heat and tick tolerance

  •High carcass yield docility, fertility, adaptability

  •Predominantly red in color but some color difference are occasionally evident

  
• Belted Galloway

  •Temperate beef breed

  •Origin: Scotland

  •Color: Black with white belt around middle

  of entire body larger than Galloway

  •Naturally polled double coat oflong hair

  •Bull: 815-955 kg, Cow: 400-600 kg

  •more of beef conformation lean & flavorful meat

  •calves - hybrid vigor, grow

  rapidly

  
• Beefalo

  •Cross between bison ( buffalo）

  （3/8)and domestic cattle (5/8) of any breed

  - 1960 s

  •3/8 Bison 3/8 Charolais 1/4 Hereford

  •Large frame docile, hard in extreme cold and extreme heat

  • Quality tasty healthier meat

  •Efficient, non-selective grazers

  •Easy calvers

  • low birth weight excellent rate of gain high weaning rates.

  
• Brahman

  •Brahma

  • Beef type

  • Grey,red to almost black

  •Mothering ability = rated high

  •Tolerate drought conditions

  • tendency to later maturity, tick&

  heat tolerant

  •intelligent, inquisitive,shy

  •Humped

  •High dressing percentage, good"cut out" min. outside fat

  •Medium size, bull 700-900 kg

  COw:450-635 kg

  
• Charolais

  •Temperate beef breed

  •Origin: Charolles, France

  •Color: White or cream, golden wheat or straw

  • Characteristics: Flesh to color of skin and mucous membranes, stoutly built and large size wavy hair coat

  •Efficient fed lot gains and carcass cut out values (tremendous muscling and conformity

  •Ease of calving

  •Easy to manage in terms of temperament.

  
• Chianina

  • Temperate beef breed

  •Origin: Chiana Valley in Italy

  •Color: Porcelain white hair, pigmented skin (black tongue, palate, nose,eye area & switch

  •Dark skinned

  •Largest breed & oldest of cattle breed in the world

  •Bull: up to 1,800 kg,Cow:800-1000 kg

  •Very late maturer

  •Calves are dropped as reddish brown

  •Excellent lean but marbled beef

  
• Hereford

  •Hereford, England

  •1st English cattle to be recognized as a true breed

  •dark red to red-yellow,white faces, crest,dewlap,underline,flanks

  below knees and hocks

  •Horned short thick horns,curve down at the side of the head

  •Docile, easily-handled

  •Superior foraging ability vigor, hardiness,higher % of calf crops

  •low-set, rectangular bodies with thick hair coat

  
• Indu-Brazil

  •Origin India－US by way of Brazil and Mexico

  •Color: Light to silver gray to red

  •Prominent forehead and long droopy ears

  • symmetrical horns which draw upward and to the rear prominent

  •hump over the shoulders with loose, pendulous skin under throat and along the dewlap

  
• Galloway

  •Temperate beef breed

  •Origin: Galloway Scotland

  •Color: Black; brownish or reddish tint amongst black is acceptable

  •Polled, long curly hair, shorter legs and longer bodies compared to Angus

  •Insulating hair coat, no excessive outside fat, high omega-3 content

  •Couragous, docile

  •good maternal breed ,easy calvers, good milk supply

  •Bull:770-1000 kg, Cow:450-680 k

  
• Devon

  •"North Devon" "Red Rubies"

  •Temperate beef breed, prev.dual purpose

  •Origin: Country of Devon,England

  •Descended from Bos longifrons

  •Color:Red,rich “ruby red" being most popular

  •Characteristics: Yellow skin, creamy

  white horns with black tips

  •cows - horns curved upwards

  •bulls －straight to curving outwards and downwards

  •good walkers and excellent rustlers

  and grazer

  
• Maine Anjou

  •Temperate beef breed

  •Western France

  •Dual-purpose （beef & milk)

  •Color:Dark red with white underlines, roans

  are also possible

  •Largest of the French breeds but has more emphasis on the beef type frequently used for crossbreeding

  •Rapid growth weight gain, late maturing well-marbled muscle with min.fat cover

  •Bull:990-1300 kg. cow: 680-860 kg

  
• Marchigiana

  •Pronounced mar-key-jah-nah also called Del Cubante

  •Origin: Marche & surrounding provinces of Italy (rough terrain & poor feed quality）

  •Resembles Chianina (light gray to almost white) in color & conformation

  •Skin is pigmented & tongue, muzzle & external opening are black, tail switch & eyes dark

  •Polled or horned

  •Short-haired

  
• Red Poll

  •Temperate beef breed, sometimes dual purpose

  •Origin: Norfolk & Suffolk England

  •Color: Deep red with good eye & udder pigmentation

  •Polled; longer body compared to other beef breeds but more flesh than dairy

  •Easy to handle, easy calving

  •excellent mothers adapt to extensive or intensive systems

  •Milk has small fat globule, next best to goat's milk

  
• Santa Gertrudis

  •Tropical beef breed

  •Developed in Kingsville, Texas 5/8 Shorthorn,3/8 Brahman

  •cherry red in color, horned Bos indicus x Bos taurus attributes

  •Short, straight slick coat, loose & moveable skin with red pigmentation

  •Horned or polled

  •Bulls: 900 kg, Cows: 750 kg

  •ADG:1.5 kg/day

  •Outstanding foraging ability

  
• Shorthorned

  •“Durham"

  •England

  •Dual purpose breed

  •Color: red,white,roan

  •Short horns that curved inward

  •blocky conformation

  •Easily-handled good disposition

  •Excellent crossing ability with other breeds, bulls are active aggressive breeders

  •Good mothers with excellent ability

  •Desirable carcass

  •Polled Shorthorns from Minnesota

  
• Simmental

  •Simmental Valley.Switzerland

  •Old breed (Middle Ages)

  •Most popular breed in Europe

  •Initially dual type, but now is beef- type

  •Color: red (varies from dark red to almost yellow) and white, some have almost solid color

  •Have white face

  •Well muscled and heavy boned with good temperament

  •Cows are good milkers

  
• Simmbrah

  •Beef breed

  •Purebred Simmbrah=5/8

  •Simmental and 3/8 Brahman

  •Developed Gulf Coast area= Texas to Florida

  •Color: solid red to yellow and white face or black with bit of white on the face

  •Slight hump above the neck larger ears than European beef breeds

  •Excellent maternal traits , rapid growth, hybrid vigor, heat tolerance, lean high qual beef

  
• Senepol

  •Caribbean breed of beef cattle

  •Cross from Red Poll & N Dama

  •color:red

  
• Sussex

  •Developed in Southeast England - initially a draught breed but now a beef breed ancient breed

  •Size: medium-sized dark red coats and white switch

  •In winter: the coat is curly

  •Adapts well to hot climates & resists tick-borne diseases

  •Easy calving early maturity heat tolerant, efficient foragers

  
• Texas Longhorn

  •Horns: curved upward and spread to four feet or more

  •Long legs and shoulders large and high

  •Short neck and stocky

  •Slow maturing high fertility

  •Resistant to many disease and parasites and well-adapted to harsh environments

  •Easily calving ability hardiness and longevity

  
• Progeny Test － selection based on the performance of the individual's progeny or offspring
• Brown Swiss

  •One of the oldest breed

  •Color: brown (light or dark),black nose and tongue dark-blue eye pigmentation (helps to resist extreme solar radiation)

  •Horns: incline and slightly upward medium & taper towards black tips

  •Large-framed quiet, docile

  •High heat tolerance

  •5488 kg milk － 2nd in prod

  •4.1% milkfat- 3 rd in milkfat

  •Milk is covered by cheese makers

  •Close protein/fat ratio

  
• Ayrshire

  •Origin: Ayr, Scotland

  •Color: Cherry red brown and white

  •Horned - a foot or more in length, curved out and slightly back

  •dehorned as calves

  •Straight lines and well-balanced udders

  •Medium breed strong rugged cattle

  •Vigorous and strong

  •Excellent grazing ability cell count

  •"Ideal drinking milk"WHY？

  •5307 kg of milk － 3rd in production

  •4% milkfat－5 th among breeds

  •Low somatic cell counts

  
• Guernsey

  •Origin: Isle of Guernsey, France

  •Bred from: Fromond du leon and Norman Brindles

  •Color: fawn with white markings

  •Skin: yellow

  •Horns: curved outward and to the front medium and small and yellow on the based

  •Early maturing breed adaptable and gentle

  •4808 kg milk－ 4th in prod

  •5% milkfat- 2 nd in milkfat

  •High Milk Flow

  •“Golden milk”

  
• Holstein-Friesian

  •Origin: Netherlands

  •Largest dairy breed

  •Color: black and white; recessive gene: red and white, black: switch belly

  •Horns incline forward and inward, tapered towards the tips

  •Large udders

  •Excellent grazing early maturity

  •Bulls: mean and dangerous

  •6577 kg milk －1 st in prod

  •3.5% milkfat- 5 th in milkfat

  Note: frozen embryos and semen are being exported

  
• Sahiwal

  •Origin: Dry punjab, Indian-Pakistani border

  •Junglies- professional herdsman that kept Sahiwal

  •Best dairy breeds in India and Pakistan

  •Color: reddish brown amounts of white: neck & underline

  o Males: darken heads and legs & tail

  •Tick resistant, heat tolerant

  •Docile and lethargic

  •2270 kg - ave. during lactation

  •Heaviest milker of all Zebu breeds

  
• Breeding

  •Must calve every year

  When is the best time to breed them？

  - Heifer: 18-20 months or 220-250 kg

  - Milking cows: 60 days after calving

  •Inseminate TWICE A DAY

  - Natural mating

  - Artificial insemination

  •Make sure to match a bull with appropriate cow

  - Appropriate size ratio of the bull to the cow
• Loose Housing

  • Animals are allowed to move freely and

  have free access over the whole area of the building or pen
• Stanchion barn

  •Animals are confined together on a

  platform and secured at neck by stanchions or neck chain