7.2 Cognitive Development

• Concrete Operational Stage is founded by Jean Piaget.
• Concrete operation spans from ages 7 to approximately 11 years; in this developmental stage, children have better understanding of their thinking skills.
• In concrete operational stage, children begin to think logically about concrete events, particularly their own experiences, but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts, thus most of them have a hard time at problem-solving.
• Inductive logic involves thinking from a specific experience to a general principle.
• Reversibility awareness that actions can be reversed, for example, 3+4 = 7 and 7-4 = 3.
• Jean Piaget calls this "decentralization", a developmental milestone, where children leave behind egocentric thinking and start to develop a more mature way of looking at things.
• Sequential manner is a skill learned where children need to understand numbers before they can perform a task.