4.1.2.2 Relating metal extraction methods to their position

• What does the Reactivity Series rank metals by?

  From most to least reactive
• What is metal extraction?

  Process to obtain metals from ores
• What extraction method is used for Potassium?

  Electrolysis
• Which metal is the most reactive according to the Reactivity Series?

  Potassium
• What is the purpose of the pure copper cathode?

  To receive the purified copper ions from the solution
• What are the extraction methods for the metals in the Reactivity Series?

  • Potassium: Electrolysis
  • Sodium: Electrolysis
  • Calcium: Electrolysis
  • Magnesium: Electrolysis
  • Aluminum: Electrolysis
  • Zinc: Carbon Reduction
  • Iron: Carbon Reduction
  • Copper: Carbon Reduction
  • Silver: Direct Extraction
  • Gold: Direct Extraction
• What extraction method is used for Magnesium?

  Electrolysis
• What is the process of electrolysis in metal extraction?

  Electric current separates metal from ore
• What are the two common methods for extracting metals from ores?

  Electrolysis and carbon reduction
• What type of metals is electrolysis best for extracting?

  Highly reactive metals
• How does the electroplating process work in this setup?

  1. Impure copper anode dissolves, releasing copper ions into the solution.
  2. The copper ions travel through the solution towards the pure copper cathode.
  3. At the cathode, the copper ions are reduced and deposited as pure copper metal.
  4. This results in the purification of the copper through electroplating.
• How does the extraction method differ between highly reactive and less reactive metals?

  Highly reactive metals use electrolysis, less reactive use carbon reduction
• Why do more reactive metals require electrolysis for extraction?

  They form stronger bonds with oxygen
• What is the role of the anode in the electrolysis of copper extraction?

  Impure copper dissolves at anode
• What occurs to copper ions during electrolysis?

  Copper ions gain electrons
• What are the key differences between the impure copper anode and the pure copper cathode?

  • Impure copper anode: Contains impurities, acts as the source of copper ions
  • Pure copper cathode: Contains no impurities, acts as the destination for the purified copper ions
• What does the metal extraction process involve?

  • Various techniques to separate metals
• What is the role of the cathode in the electrolysis of copper extraction?

  Pure copper forms at cathode
• What is the process of carbon reduction in metal extraction?

  Heating with carbon compounds
• Why do metals like potassium and sodium react with water?

  They are highly reactive and react violently with water
• What extraction method is used for Copper?

  Carbon Reduction
• What are the three main methods of metal extraction?

  Electrolysis, carbon reduction, direct extraction
• What is the position of potassium in the reactivity series?

  Top, most reactive
• What are the metals listed in the image?

  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Lithium
  • Barium
  • Strontium
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Aluminium
  • Manganese
  • Zinc
  • Chromium
  • Iron
  • Cadmium
  • Cobalt
  • Nickel
  • Tin
  • Lead
  • Hydrogen
  • Antimony
  • Bismuth
  • Copper
  • Mercury
  • Silver
  • Gold
  • Platinum
• Which metals are classified as least reactive?

  Cu-Pt
• What are the extraction methods based on the reactivity series?

  • Most Reactive (Top: K-Al): Electrolysis
  • Moderately Reactive (Middle: Mn-Pb): Carbon Reduction
  • Least Reactive (Bottom: Cu-Pt): Direct Extraction
• How does the reactivity of metals relate to their position in the periodic table?

  Metals become more reactive going down the periodic table groups
• What does the reactivity series determine?

  Suitable extraction methods for different metals
• What extraction method is used for high reactivity metals?

  • Electrolysis
• How does electrolysis extract aluminum?

  Electric current breaks down ore
• What is the name of the electrode on the left side of the image?

  Impure copper anode
• What is the name of the electrode on the right side of the image?

  Pure copper cathode
• Why is carbon reduction suitable for moderate reactivity metals?

  It requires less energy and uses carbon
• How does the reactivity level of a metal affect its extraction method?

  The more reactive a metal, the more energy needed
• What is the process used in carbon reduction for iron extraction?

  Heating with carbon removes oxygen
• Why can gold be extracted directly?

  It is unreactive and can be dug up directly
• How can the reactivity of metals be compared?

  • Reactivity increases going down the group in the periodic table
  • Alkali metals (group 1) are the most reactive
  • Noble gases (group 18) are the least reactive
• What extraction method is used for low reactivity metals?

  • Direct Extraction
• How can we compare the extraction methods for different reactivity levels?

  • High reactivity: Electrolysis (high energy)
  • Moderate reactivity: Carbon Reduction (less energy)
  • Low reactivity: Direct Extraction (minimal effort)
• Which metal is the least reactive according to the Reactivity Series?

  Gold