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• what is the rate of reaction

  the time taken for a product to form or reactants tp be used up
• what are the 2 equations for rate of reaction

  rate= 1/ timerate= amount of product produced/ time taken
• what is the collison theory?

  the more collisons the faster the rate of reaction
• 5 factors that will affect the rate of collisions

  temperature surface area of the reactants concentration catalysts pressure
• Conclusion for the collision theory

  the greater the rate of frequency of collisions, the greater the rate of reaction
• what is the surface area of a smaller sized block and why?

  greater surface area: volume ratio compared to a larger block, this is because more particles on the surface so there are more collisions per second
• Conclusion for the surface area (collision theory)

  POINT: the small chips have the highest rate of reaction EVIDENCE: i know this because the large chips took 11 seconds the medium chip took 15 seconds and the small chip took 6 seconds.EXPLAIN: the reason the small chip gave the highest reaction is because it has a larger surface area, meaning you get more collisions per second (rate of reaction increases)
• what does the temperature infer in the collision theory?

  The higher the temperature the more energy the particles have. This means you get more collisions (the one with the correct activation energy,) so the rate of reaction increases.
• Conclusions for the temperature (collision theory)

  POINT: the higher the temperature the shorter the reaction takes to occur EVIDENCE: I know this because when the temperature was 21 degrees it took 1 minute 8 seconds. EXPLAIN: this is because the higher the temperature the more energy the particles have overall increasing the number of collisions, therefore the rate of reaction increases
• A catalyst is a substance that ...


  increases the rate of reaction but does not alter the product. It is chemically unchanged.
• Dynamic equilibrium system

  the rate of the forward reaction to the reverse reaction
• ⇌

  reactions can go forward and backwards
• 3 factors that effect equilibrium

  concentration temperature pressure
• what is le chatilers theory


  whatever you do to equilibrium it shifts in the direction to minimise change
• what is the equilibrium shift in concentration?

  A + B ⇌ C + D increase concentration of A equilibrium shifts right
• what is the equilibrium shift in pressure?

  A(g) + 2B(g) ⇌ 2C(g)3 moles 2 moles Increase pressure to the equilibrium will shift right to disperse the pressure
• what is the equilibrium shift in temperature?


  cold A + B ⇌ C hot If temperature equilibrium increases shifts right
• Endothermic (cold) equation -->


  △H+ ve
• Exothermic (hot) equation -->


  △H-ve
• ammonia equation

  N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 (ammonia)
• What is needed in the harber process

  iron catalyst 450 degrees 200 atm pressure
• what are the conditions to make the highest yield and why we dont use these conditions for temperature?


  highest yield- a low/cold temperature is preferredwhy we don't- the rate of reaction would be really slow
• what does yield mean

  product made
• what are the conditions to make the highest yield and why we dont use these conditions for pressure?


  highest yield- a higher pressure is prefered why we don't- saftey concern and expensive to do
• why is an iron catalyst used in the harber process?


  to increase the rate of reaction