ANP Bones & skeletal tissue

• Wha is the predominant cell type in growing cartilage?

  Chondroblasts
• what allows cells to adhere to one another?

  chondroitin
• what is the nutrient supply of cartiladcartilagege and what is it surrounded by?

  perichondrium
• what are condroblasts?

  immature cartiladge cells
• what are chondrocyte?

  mature cartilage cells
• What is the difference between appositional and interstitial growth?

  Appositional: cells added to surface

  InteInterstitialrstital: cells added inside
• what is periosteum?

  The outer layer of bone.
• What is endosteum?

  Thin layer of connective tissue lining the inner surface of bones.
• What type of cells are found in the bone matrix?

  Osteocytes and bone linning cells
• What is lamella?


  a layer in osteon
• What allows bone cells to be well nourished?

  canaliculi and gap junctions
• What are lacunae?

  small cavities that have cells in them( chondrocytes)
• Name bone markings that are projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment?

  Tubercle: small rounded projections

  Process: bony prominence.

  Tuberosity: large rounded projections

  crest: narrow ridge of bone

  trochanter: Very large blunt irregularly shaped process

  line and spine
• What are the surfaces that help to form the joints?

  Head, facet (smooth articular surfaces), condyle (rounded articular projections)
• A narrow slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as?

  Fissure
• Location of red bone marrow in adults is located where?


  spongy bone
• What is meatus?

  canal like passagway
• What does the vertebral canal do?

  Protects the spinal cord.
• Name the anatomical parts from top to bottom?

  spinous process

  Transverse Process

  Lamina

  Pedicle

  
• What are spinous and transverse processes?

  attachment for muscle
• Name the main differences found in cervical vertebrae.

  -Presense of Transverse foramen

  -large vertebral foramen

  -Spinous process is bifid
• What does the atlas have that other bones dont?

  no body

  no spinous process
• What does axis have that no other bones have?

  dens (pivot for rotation)
• What is something thoracic vertebrae have that others dont?

  heart shaped body

  circular foreamen

  transverse process has facets (exception for T11 and T12)
• What is something lumbar spine has that other bones dont?

  pedicle and lamina are shorter and thicker

  spineous process short and flat

  tringle vertebral foramen
• What allows stability in lumbar vertebrae?

  orientation of facets facing outwards prevent roation
• Where does the bodie's centre of gravity lie?

  sacral promontory
• What is sacral hiatus?

  An opening at the base of the sacrum.
• What are the ridges on the back of sacrum that look like bowsers back?

  Median sacral crest
• What is the sternum composed of from top to bottom?

  Manubrium, body, xiphoid process.
• ribs 1-7 are?

  vertebrosternal
• False ribs are?

  8-10 vertebrochondral
• What is coastal groove?

  on the shaft lodges the intercostal nerves and blood vessels.
• Where does tubercle articulate?

  transverse process of same number thoracic vertebrae
• What does the pectoral girdle consist of?


  clavicle and scapula bones.
• what is a glenoid cavity?

  cavity articulates with the humerus of the arm, forming the shoulder joint.
• What is this?

  coracoid process helps anchor the bicep

  
• What is this?

  Acromion forms acromioclavicular joint

  
• What attaches to greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?

  rotator cuff muscles
• Where does the ulnar nerve run?

  medial epicondyle