Nervous communication

• The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
• Neurons have three main regions: cell body, dendrites, and axon.
• Nerves are bundles of axons that transmit electrical impulses to different parts of the body.
• Nerves are bundles of axons that transmit information to different parts of the body.
• The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all other nerves.
• The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all other nerves.
• Different types of neurons include sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons, and glial cells.
• Reflex arcs involve sensory receptors, interneurons, motor neurons, effector organs, and feedback loops.
• Synapses are specialized junctions between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals across synaptic clefts.
• Stimuli can be classified as exteroceptive or proprioceptive based on their origin outside or inside the body.
• Reflex arcs involve sensory receptors, afferent nerves, relay centers, efferent nerves, and effector organs.
• Sensory neurons carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS.
• Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to effectors such as muscles or glands.
• Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.
• The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
• Sensory neurons carry signals from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).
• Interneurons connect sensory neurons with motor neurons within the CNS.
• Neurotransmitter molecules bind to specific receptor proteins on postsynaptic membranes, causing changes in cellular activity.
• Interneurons process and integrate incoming sensory information with stored memories and past experiences.
• Sensory receptors detect stimuli from the environment or internal signals from the body.
• Motor neurons carry messages from the central nervous system (CNS) to muscles and glands, causing them to respond appropriately.
• Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood of action potential generation, while inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease it.
• Examples of stimuli include touch, pressure, temperature, pain, taste, smell, light, sound, and vibration.
• Receptor potential is generated by chemical or mechanical changes at the surface membrane of sensory receptors.
• Neuroglia (glial cells) support and protect neurons by providing nutrients, removing waste products, insulating axons, and forming myelin sheaths.
• Acetylcholine is involved in muscle contraction, learning, memory, attention, sleep, and mood regulation.
• Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.