HEAD/FACE/NECK ASSESSMENT - LEC

• Skull


  • The framework of the head which can be divided into two subsections: cranium and face
• Cranium


  Houses and protects the brain and major sensory organs
• Cranium consists of eight bones:

  • Frontal (1)
  • Parietal (1)
  • Temporal (2)
  • Occipital (1)
  • Ethmoid (1)
  • Sphenoid (1)
• Face

  Facial bones give shape to the face.
• Face consists of eight bones:

  • Maxilla (2)
  • Zygomatic (2)
  • Inferior cochae (2)
  • Nasal (2)
  • Lacrimal (2)
  • Palatine (2)
  • Vomer (1)
  • Mandible (1)
• Facial Bones

  Are immovable except for the mandible, which has free movement (up, down, sideways) at the temporomandibular joint.
• Temporal artery


  A major artery is loacted between the eye and the top of the ear.
• Parotid glands


  Are located on each side of the face, anterior and inferior to the ears and behind the mandible.
• Submandibular glands


  Are located inferior to the mandible, underneath the base of the tongue
• The structure of the neck is composed of muscles, ligaments, and the cervical vertebrae
• Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscle


  Are two paired muscles that allow movement and provide support to the head and neck.
• Sternocleidomastoid rotates and flexes the head, whereas the trapezius muscle extends the head and moves shoulders
• Anterior angle


  Is located under the mandible, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
• Posterior angle


  Is located between the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
• Internal jugular veins and Carotid arteries


  Are located bilaterally, parallel and anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The external jugular vein lies diagonally over the surface of these muscles.
• Thyroid gland


  Is the largest endocrine gland in the body. It produces thyroid hormones that increase the metabolic rate of most body cells.