19th Amendment

• Women’s Activism Beyond Suffrage

  • Major turning point
  • Higher levels Of active participation
  • More opportunities for women
  • Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching to address racial violence
  • Daughters of the American Revolution- patriotic society open to women
• Conservative Opposition to Women’s rights

  • Liberal women viewed as unwomanly
  • Many women opposed more sexually emancipated women of the 1920s
  • National Association Opposed to Women’s Suffrage similar to Daughters of the American Revolution - opposed feminist movements
• Revival of the Suffrage Movement

  • In 1890 With National American Woman Suffrage Association
  • Divisions remained over who should be granted the vote with some trying to restrict it to white elites
  • Southern Committee was established- linking suffrage to temperance
  • Didn’t actively encourage AA participation
• Nineteenth Amendment

  • Recognition of women’s contributions during the war
  • Many women were expected to vote in line with their husbands
  • Northern African American women experienced greater political participation
  • South: racial discrimination
• Other changes

  • Splits within women’s organisations
  • Unlikely that major political party would nominate women candidates or in politics
  • Securing right to vote emerged, momentum was lost as women’s activism became dispersed
• Women’s Suffrage organisations

  • NAWSA transitioned into a League of Women Voters - divisions emerged
  • Jane Addams advocated for women to focus on campaigning for women’s issues
  • Carrie Chapman Catt sought full integration into national political life , aiming for women to become equal citizens
• Women voting

  • voter turnout for women in 1920 election was low
  • LWV dedicated significant time encouraging women to vote
  • Struggled to attract women voters
  • 5-10% of NAWSA joined new organisation