MCN 1 - 1

• Obstetrics

  • care for women during childbirth
  • obstare: keep watch
• Pediatrics

  • pais: child
• Care of childbearing and childrearing is the major focus of nursing
• Nurse’s role is to promote healthy growth and development of the child and family in both health and illness (Nearns, 2009)
• Scope of Nursing is a continuum: maternal and child health nursing
• Goal of Maternal and Child health nursing is to promote and maintain optimal family health
• Cycle of Optimal Childbearing and Childrearing

  
• Scope of MCN practice

  • Pre conceptual healthcare
  • Care of women during three trimesters of pregnancy and puerperium
  • Care of infants during perinatal period
  • Care of children from birth through adolescence
  • Care in settings as varied as the birthing room, pediatric intensive care unit, home
• Puerperium

  • 6 weeks after childbirth, fourth trimester of pregnancy
• Perinatal period

  • 6 weeks before conception and 6 weeks after birth
• Family as the primary unit of care
• Maternal and Child health nursing is family centered (include both family and individual assessment)
• MCN is community centered, health of families depend and influences the health of communities
• MCN

  • considers the family as a whole
  • advocate to protect the rights (all)
  • high degree of independent nursing functions
  • promote health and disease prevention
  • important resource for families during child bearing and rearing (stressful)
  • respect personal, cultural, spiritual
  • encourage developmental stimulation (during health and illness)
  • assess family for strength and needs/challenges
  • encourage family bonding (rooming in and visiting)
  • encourage early hospital discharge options
  • encourage to reach out to community (wealth of support)
• Standards of Care

  1. assessment - collect
  2. diagnosis - analyze
  3. outcome identification - identify expected (hypothesize)
  4. planning - prescribe interventions
  5. implementation - implement
  6. evaluation - evaluate progress
• Standards of Professional Performance

  1. Quality of care - systematic evaluation of quality and effectiveness
  2. performance appraisal - evaluate own to professional
  3. education - acquire and maintain knowledge and competency
  4. collegiality - interacts and contributes
  5. ethics - ethical manner
  6. collaboration - with child, family, other health care providers
  7. research - contribute through research
  8. resource utilization - safety, effectiveness, cost in planning and delivering patient care
• Health promotion - educating clients, good health
• Health Maintenance - Maintain health when risk of illness is present
• Health Restoration - Diagnosing and treating illness
• Health Rehabilitation - Prevent further complications, back to optimal state, help accept inevitable death
• Nursing Process

  • designed and implemented in a thorough manner, organized series of steps, ensure quality and consistency of care. (Carpencito)
• Evidence Based Practice

  • conscientous, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of patients
• Level I evidence - one properly designed randomized controlled trial
• Level II - well design controlled trials without randomization, well designed cohort or case control analytic studies, or multiple time series with/without an intervention.
• Level III - opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies, reports of ecpert communities.
• Nursing research - controlled investigation of problems that have implications for nursing practice
• Nursing Theory - concentration of a discipline’s knowledge flows from a base of established theory
• Universal Health Care - Kalusugan Pangkalahatan

  • Administrative order 2010-0036 (DOH 2010)
  • better health outcomes, sustained health financing, responsive health system
  • ensure all filipinos have equitable access to affordable health care.
• Universal Health Care

  • financial risk protection
  • improved access
  • attainment of health related millennium development goals
• Child advocacy - safeguarding and advancing interests of clients and their families
• Crude Birth Rate - how fast people are added to population

  • high fertility > 45/1000
  • low fertility < 20/1000
  • (registered life births in a year/midyear population) x1000
• General Fertility Rate - segment of population deemed to be capable of giving birth (15-44 years)

  • High = 200/1000
  • Low = 60/1000
  • (registered live births in a year / midyear population of women 15-44 age) x 1000
• Maternal Mortality Rate - measure of obstetric risk and affected by maternal health practices, diagnostic ascertainment, completeness of registration of births

  • (number of deaths due to pregnancy, delivery, puerperium in a year / number of live births in same year) x 100
• infant mortality rate

  • approximation of risk of dying within first year of life
  • high IMR = low levels of health standards - poor mcn care
  • poor population = 60-150/1000
  • severe environmental conditions >= 200/1000
  • (deaths/live births) x 1000
• Neonatal mortality rate - deaths of infants less than 28 days old mainly to prenatal or genetic factors

  • (death 28 age / live births same year) x 1000
• Post neonatal mortality rate - influenced by environmental, infection, and nutritional factors

  • deaths 28 to less 1 year / live births same year x 1000
• Health care provider - continuous comprehensive care to family

  • promotive and preventive care
• Health Educator

  • illness and aspects related to care during illness and rehabilitation and disability prevention
  • educate
• Counselor

  • nurse consultants
  • ensuring quality patient csre
• Researcher

  • study
  • designing and implementing scientific studies