Chapter 1

• Self-Report Methods - researcher asks a set amount of questions or might be a free-form interview. But they can be biased and its hard to ask young kids questions
• Observational Methods: observing kids in their environments at home or in the lab. But observers can be influenced or you can incorrectly correlate a behaviour with a stimulus.
• Case studies: both many interviews and observations. very time consuming and can't be used against the general population
• Ethnography: how cultures affect an individual usually researchers will live in the community. But it is highly subjective and can be biased
• Psychophysiological: understand the biological processes involved in perception. But its expensive, difficult to correct make assumption, and can be interfered with
• Correlation: two measurements that increase or decrease together, but not always in the same direction
• Causation: indicates that one event is the cause of another event.
• Independent variable: the change
• Dependent variable: what is changing from the change
• Coefficient: the math part of Correlation, shown in values from 1 to -1, negatives are low and positives are high
• Confounding Variables: Extra variables that can mess up a experiment
• Random assignment ensures less bias in assignement
• Ecological validity: How much would your experiments actually help
• Natural experiments: measuring the outcome of natural happenings
• Longitudinal: observes one group over multiple periods.

  Problem? it takes a long time and is very specific
• Cross-sectional: observes multiple people groups over one period.

  Problem? Can be to general, and culture can effect each age group
• Hobbes: Children are born with a nature to do evil
• Rousseau: children are born with a sense of right and wrong
• Locke: children are born with a 'blank slate' and make up thier mind through experience
• Stern and Darwin: looking at thier own children for research
• Reliability: is there consistance outcomes
• Validity: are you measuring properally?
• Time sampling: how often you are observing the thing
• Experimental: the causal effect
• positive correlation is when both of your variables go in the same direction
• Sequentional: combination of Longatudinal and Cross-sectional
• Micro Genetic: looks at changes when it is already in progress
• Negative Correlation is when your variables go in different directions