unspecialised and specialised cells#

• A stem cell is a cell that can differentiate into any type of cell.
• Stem cells are produced by bone marrow
• Meristem : can differentiate into any plant cell
• Embyronic stem cells can differentiate into any animal cell
• Adult stem cells can only differentiate into specific types of cells
• cell differentiation is where an undifferentiated cell develops into a specialised cell with certain adaptations to do its functions.
• the mitochondria provides energy for the sperm to swim

  the tail helps the sperm swim

  the nucleus contains genetic info

  the acrosome has enzymes which helps the sperm penetrate the egg

  
• this is a xylem that transport water and minerals around the plant.

  the walls are thickened by lignin which gives the plant strength and support

  
• this is a phloem which transports sugar and amino acids around the plant

  the sieve plates allow sugar and amino acids to flow through the cell

  
• this is a ciliated epithilial cell that is found in the respiratory tract

  the cilia(tiny hairs) help move particles and mucus up the trachea

  
• this is a root hair cell.

  contains lots of mitochondria to provide for the energy needed for active transport

  root hairs create a large surface area to absorb more water

  the cell wall is thin so the cell can absorb water easily

  
• • The egg cell’s cytoplasm contains nutrients for the growth of the early embryo.
  • The haploid nucleus contains genetic material for fertilisation.
  • The cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter.

  A) nucleus

  B) cytoplasm

  C) mitochondria