2.10

• What is expected to happen to global temperatures by 2100?

  Climate models predict a 2–6°C rise in surface temperatures between 2000 and 2100, with greater warming in the Northern Hemisphere and Arctic
• Why is future climate change difficult to predict?

  Due to uncertainties in human factors (e.g. economic growth, energy use, population change) and physical factors (e.g. ocean and forest responses).
• What role do oceans and forests play in climate change?

  They act as carbon sinks and store heat, which can affect the climate system for hundreds of years.
• What are climate tipping points?

  Critical thresholds where small changes trigger major, often irreversible changes, e.g. Amazon forest dieback or changes in ocean currents.
• What is the risk of Amazon forest dieback?

  Drought reduces moisture recycling; beyond a tipping point, forest collapse could occur, worsening global warming.
• What might happen if thermohaline circulation is disrupted?

  Melting ice could slow warm ocean currents, altering global climate patterns and possibly lowering temperatures in some regions.
• What are some adaptation strategies to deal with climate change?

  Smart irrigation, flood-risk planning, resilient agriculture, and solar radiation management (climate engineering).
• What are some key mitigation strategies?

  Energy efficiency, carbon taxation, renewables, afforestation, and carbon capture and storage (CCS).
• What is the purpose of the 2015 Paris Agreement?

  To limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C, build climate resilience, and support developing countries in adaptation and emission reductions.
• What are challenges in international climate action?

  Countries may disagree on solutions, and some fear that emission cuts could harm economic growth or increase business costs.
• Why might climate change be seen differently by different groups?

  Coastal communities at risk from rising sea levels often see it as more urgent than others not directly affected.
• How are renewables contributing to climate goals?

  In 2015, renewables made up 66% of increased electricity production, showing progress toward reducing reliance on fossil fuels.