Structure of DNA and RNA nucleotides

• What are nucleotides often compared to in DNA and RNA?

  Lego bricks
• How do nucleotides contribute to the structure of DNA and RNA?

  They link together to form long chains
• What type of sugar is present in a nucleotide?

  Pentose sugar
• How many bases are there in DNA?

  Four
• What is the role of the nitrogenous base in a nucleotide?

  It carries the genetic information and allows base pairing between DNA strands
• What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

  • Phosphate group
  • Pentose sugar
  • Nitrogenous base
• How does the structure of DNA contribute to its function?

  The double helix allows for stable base pairing
• What is the function of the nitrogenous base in a nucleotide?

  The nitrogenous base (such as adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine) carries the genetic information and allows base pairing between DNA strands.
• How does the structure of DNA differ from RNA?

  DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has a ribose sugar
• What type of sugar is present in a nucleotide?

  Pentose sugar
• If the nitrogenous base in a nucleotide is adenine, what is the complementary base it will pair with?

  Thymine
• How do the three parts of a nucleotide (phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base) work together to form the structure of DNA and RNA?

  The phosphate group provides the negative charge to link nucleotides, the pentose sugar forms the backbone, and the nitrogenous bases allow base pairing between strands
• Which base pairs with Cytosine (C) in DNA?

  Guanine (G)
• What is the role of the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

  It connects to the sugar via a phosphodiester bond
• What are the three main components of a nucleotide?

  Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
• What type of bond connects the phosphate group to the sugar in a nucleotide?

  Phosphodiester bond
• Where does the nitrogenous base attach in a nucleotide?

  To the sugar's first carbon atom
• What is the name of the nitrogenous base that replaces Thymine in RNA?

  Uracil
• What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up DNA?

  Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• How do the nitrogenous bases in DNA form base pairs?

  • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
  • Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
  • These base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds
• What group is present in each DNA nucleotide?

  Phosphate group
• What are the structural components of a DNA nucleotide?

  • Sugar (deoxyribose)
  • Phosphate group
  • Nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G)
• How does the structure of DNA allow it to store and transmit genetic information?

  • The double helix structure of DNA
  • Complementary base pairing (A-T, C-G)
  • Ability to replicate and pass on genetic information
• What is the structure of DNA?

  Double helix
• How do the RNA and DNA Nucleotides differ in the image?

  RNA uses Ribose, DNA uses Deoxyribose
• How do the nucleotide chains in DNA interact?

  They twist together to form a double helix
• What are the components and structure of a nucleotide?

  • Components:
  • Phosphate group (PO₄³⁻)
  • Pentose sugar (5-carbon ring)
  • Nitrogenous base
  • Structure:
  • Phosphate connects to sugar via phosphodiester bond
  • Nitrogenous base attaches to sugar's first carbon
• What is the name of the molecule shown on the left side of the image?

  Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
• What are the four nucleobases found in DNA?

  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine
• What forms the outer strands of the DNA structure?

  Sugar-phosphate backbone
• What are the four nucleobases found in RNA?

  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
• If you wanted to determine the sequence of nucleobases in a DNA molecule, which technique would you use?

  DNA sequencing
• What is the chemical formula of the Phosphate Group shown in the image?

  CH2O4
• What sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?

  Deoxyribose
• How do the structures of DNA and RNA differ?

  DNA has a double helix; RNA is single-stranded
• What is the name of the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

  Phosphate group
• What is the name of the group shown in the image?

  Phosphate Group
• What are the key structural differences between DNA and RNA?

  • DNA has a double-stranded sugar-phosphate backbone, while RNA has a single-stranded sugar-phosphate backbone
  • DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA uses the sugar ribose
  • DNA has the nucleobase thymine, while RNA has the nucleobase uracil instead
• What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

  • DNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is usually single-stranded with ribose sugar
  • DNA has the nucleobases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, while RNA has adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
• What is the difference between the Nitrogenous Bases shown in the image?

  One set contains Uracil (U), the other contains Thymine (T)