Background of the Study

• Historia: Greek word in which the word history was derived.
• Historia: means inquiry or research
• History: refers to account or inquiries of events that happened

  in the past and are narrated in chronological order.
• Aristotle: Father of Logic,
• Aristotle (History): a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena which are arranged in their chronological order.
• Herodotus: Father of History
• Thucydides and Herodotus (History): a never-ending learning inquiry about the past of mankind.
• E.H. Carn (History): likewise defined history as a never-ending dialogue of events between the past and the present.
• Will Durant (History): is a narration of events of what civilized men have thought and done in the past.
• Jewaharlal Nehru (History): the theme of history should be that of

  man’s growth from barbarism to civilization.
• Primary sources: are direct or firsthand evidences regarding an event, object, person, or work of art.
• Secondary sources: on the other hand describe, discuss, interpret, comment upon, analyze, evaluate, summarize, and process primary sources.
• Primary sources: are the raw materials of historical research –they are the documents or artifacts closest to the topic of investigation.
• Secondary sources: are analysis or a restatement of primary sources. They often describe or explain primary sources.
• Primary Sources Examples:

  • Artifacts
  • Audio Recordings
  • Internet communications on emails, interviews
  • Photographs
  • Survey Research
• Secondary Sources Examples:

  • Bibliographies
  • Biographical Works
  • Dictionaries, encyclopaedias
  • Journal Articles
  • Textbooks
• Internal Criticism: this seeks to falsify or demonstrate to discontinuity with an idea by hypothetically assuming its truth in order to prove some internal inconsistency on contradiction with it.
• External criticism: seeks to falsify an idea without hypothetically assuming its truth.
• Internal Criticism: looks within the data itself to try to determine the truth–facts and “reasonable” interpretation. It includes looking at the apparent or possible motives of the person providing the data.
• External Criticism: criticism applies “science to a document”. It involves such physical and technical tests as dating of paper a document is written on, but it also involves knowledge of when certain things existed or were possible, e.g. when zip codes were invented.
• Dr. Lynn Sims, a history professor at John Tyler Community College noted two ways of applying a set of data.
• The primary source of information in Philippine History lies on the National Archives of the Philippines.
• 60 million Documents: number of documents in the National Archives of the Philippines.
• Republic Act 9470: Archives was created under this law.
• May 21, 2017: the date on which archives was created under RA 9470.
• Other local repositories of primary sources could be found in museums of provinces, cities and municipalities in the locality. The repositories are the Official Gazette by the National Printing Office.
• Office. For Supreme Court decisions, the depositories of the SC

  decisions are the Philippine Reports. Citation of books, treatises, pleading and even court decisions are found in the Supreme Court Reports Annotated (SCRA), a secondary source published by the Central Book Supply.