A control group is a group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable but are included in the study to ensure that the results are not due to chance. It provides a baseline against which any changes in the experimental group can be compared.
The aim states the general purpose of carrying out the research, whereas a hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Random sampling involves selecting individuals from a population at random so that every member has an equal chance of being selected.
Operational definitions specify how concepts will be measured or manipulated in a particular experiment.
