world issues

• WTO (World Trade Organization): An international organization that promotes and regulates global trade by setting rules and resolving trade disputes between member countries.
• Bias: Prejudice or favoritism towards a particular perspective, group, or individual, resulting in an unfair or unbalanced presentation of information.
• IMF (International Monetary Fund): An international financial institution that provides financial and technical assistance to countries in need, aiming to promote global monetary cooperation and economic stability.
• Fact: An objective and verifiable statement that is based on evidence or actual occurrences.
• Opinion: A subjective expression of personal beliefs, feelings, or judgments that may or may not be based on facts.
• Misinformation: False or inaccurate information that is unintentionally spread or produced due to misunderstanding or lack of knowledge.
• Disinformation: False or misleading information that is intentionally created and spread to deceive or manipulate people.
• Perspective: a particular way of viewing or interpreting something, influenced by one's background, values, or experiences.
• Demography: The scientific study of population, focusing on its size, structure, distribution, and changes over time.
• Asylum seeker: A person who has left their country of origin and seeks recognized refugee status or protection in another country due to fear of persecution or danger.
• Nation: A community of people who share common cultural, linguistic, or historical characteristics and are typically organized under a central government.
• Tariff: A tax or duty imposed on imported or exported goods, typically designed to protect domestic industries or generate revenue for the government.
• State: A politically organized territory with its own government, institutions, and sovereignty recognised by other states.
• Subsidy: Financial assistance or support provided by the government or an organization to help reduce the cost of a particular product, service, or industry.
• Remittance: The money sent by migrants working abroad to individuals and families in their home country as a form of financial support.
• World Bank: An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to developing countries to support their economic development and reduce poverty.
• Dependency load: The ratio of individuals who are not economically active (such as children and the elderly) to the population that is of working age, indicating the level of support needed for non-working individuals.
• Ecological footprint: The measure of human impact on the environment, specifically in terms of land and resources used to sustain an individual, population, or activity.
• Sustainability: The ability to meet the present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, considering environmental, social, and economic aspects.
• Subsistence farming: A type of agricultural practice in which farmers produce enough food and resources to fulfill the basic needs of themselves and their families.
• • Globalization :the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and people worldwide through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas
• Sustainability:the practice of using resources in a way that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• Declining fertility rates: Many developed countries have experienced a decline in fertility rates below the replacement level (around 2.1 births per woman).
• Population migration:refers to the movement of individuals from one place to another, usually from one country to another or from rural to urban areas within a country.
• Immigration and integration: Developed countries often face challenges in effectively integrating immigrants into their societies.
• Aging population: Developed countries have lower birth rates and higher life expectancies, leading to an increase in the proportion of elderly people
• •  Demographic trap: refers to a situation in which a country's population growth rate becomes a hindrance to its economic development. 
• the birth dearth:also known as fertility rate decline, is a decrease in the number of births in a population. It occurs when the fertility rate falls below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman.
• 1. Primary Industries:  are involved in the extraction or harvesting of natural resources directly from the earth or the environment. They are also referred to as the "extractive" industries
• 2. Secondary Industries: are involved in the processing and manufacturing of raw materials obtained from primary industries into finished goods or intermediate products. They are often referred to as the "manufacturing" industries.
•  3. Tertiary Industries: also known as the "service" industries, provide services to individuals and businesses. They do not directly produce goods but are responsible for facilitating and enhancing the functioning of the economy. .
•     Colonialism: is a system by which a country establishes and maintains colonies outside of its own borders, typically for     economic or political gain. It involves the political, economic, and social domination of one country by another. 
• Modern economic colonialism: refers to the continued economic domination and exploitation of developing countries by more powerful and developed nations.
• 1. Subsistence agriculture: is characterized by the production of crops and livestock primarily for the farmer's own consumption and that of their immediate family. It typically involves small-scale farming and uses traditional methods with limited use of modern technologies and inputs.
• 2. Cash-crop agriculture:focuses on the cultivation of crops that are grown primarily for sale in the market rather than for personal consumption. Farmers cultivate these crops on a larger scale and often employ modern techniques, machinery, and inputs to maximize production and profitability.
• 3. Intensive agriculture: involves the intensive use of labor, inputs, and technology to maximize crop yields and productivity. It often includes practices such as irrigation, mechanization, use of fertilizers and chemicals, and high-yielding crop varieties.
• 4. Extensive agriculture: is characterized by the use of large tracts of land with low labor and capital inputs per unit of land. It involves extensive farming practices such as large-scale livestock grazing or extensive crop cultivation, often in areas with abundant land resources and low population density.
• 1. Economic migration: This type of migration occurs when individuals or families move from one place to another in search of better economic opportunities, such as higher wages, better job prospects, or improved living conditions.
• 2. Forced migration: takes place when individuals are compelled to leave their homes due to factors beyond their control, such as conflict, persecution, natural disasters, or environmental degradation.
• 3. Seasonal migration: refers to the movement of people for a particular season or period of the year. This is often seen in agricultural societies where workers move to different regions to participate in seasonal farm work, such as harvesting or planting crops