Participant Observations

• Structural Observation Schedule favoured by positivists?

  Flanders system of interaction analysis categories (FIAC)
• FIAC?

  standard chart to record interactions with quantitative data
• Flanders 1970: 68% of time taken up by teacher talk, 20% by student talk, 12% lost in silence or confusion
• Delamont: simply counting classroom behaviour and classifying it ignores meanings
• Eggleston 1976: needed over 3 months to set up cover for working in a school
• Wright 1992: Afro Caribbean ethnicity produced antagonistic reactions from some white teachers
• Hammersley: found it hard to record the classroom, often having to go to the bathroom to record meaning less valid
• Delamont: clash between if to report illegal things students say or keep their trust and given the harm a students words can do their identity must be further protected
• King 1984: very hard to stop hawthorne effect. He was in the classroom a lot before the to be unobtrusive and so the students could trust him
• Ball 1993: King hiding in Wendy house undermines validity as the students awareness