C.2.1 - the cell

• Prokaryotic - single celled organisms, no nucleus or organelles
• Eukaryotic - multicellular organisms, has organelles
• Organelles - sub-structures within the cell that help with life processes
• Cell membrane - semi-permeable barrier that protects cell. Lets in nutrients, lets out waste
• Cytoplasm - fills cell and gives it shape, suspends organelles
• Nucleus - “brain” of the cell, contains DNA and directs cell activity.
• • Nucleolus - produces ribosomes
• Chromatin - packs DNA into manageable sizes to fit in nucleus
• Mitochondria - powerhouse of the cell. Turns glucose into ATP for cell to use
• Vacuoles - storage system for cells (nutrients, fats, water)

  • Plants have 1 big
  • Animals have multiple small
• Lysosomes - breaks down food and waste
• Smooth ER - transports material across the cell

  • Responsible for fats, lipids
  • No ribosomes attached. 
• Rough ER - transports material across the cell

  • Responsible for proteins
  • Ribosomes attached.
• Golgi complex - receives items from ER, packs and redistributes across cell
• Ribosomes - produce protein
• Centrioles - animal cell. Responsible for cell division for mitosis/reproduction
• Cell wall - plant cell. Outer layer providing plant structure and protection
• Chloroplasts - contains chlorophyll, responsible for photosynthesis
• Plasmodesmata - plant cell. Channels inside cell wall that oversees movement between plant cells 
• Cell functions

  • Nutrient intake
  • Gas exchange
  • Waste removal
  • Reproduction
• vesicles - made during endocytosis/exocytosis, responsible for within cell membrane