Female Reproductive System

• FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

   A female reproductive system is more complex

  Ø  The female’s is most complex because it is comprised of 3 significant functions

  1.     Ovum production egg cell, right and left ovary

  • 2.     Fertilization forms a zygote (then will travel to the womb)

  3.     Nurturing and development of the fetus

  FRATRNAL TWINS – different characteristics

  -happens when two egg cells and two sperm cells
• IDENTICAL TWINS 

  -if the zygote splits into 2 through the process of meiosis

  -one egg, one sperm

   

  OVARY-production of egg cell (ova/ovum production)

  Finger-like projection- fimbriae (sweeping action)

  The egg cell is not motile without the fimbriae

   

  FALLOPIAN TUBES OR UTERINE TUBES

  -site of fertilization

  -the sperm cell will look for the egg cell by the fallopian tubes

   

  UTERUS

  -development and nourishment of the zygote

  -bahay bata

   

  Ectopic pregnancy

  -ectopia

  -nag develop outside its normal location

  -development of zygote in the fallopian tube
• The vagina receives the sperm and the penis.
• The vagina is acidic.
• Almost 300 million sperm cells enter the vagina.
• The cervix is open for a few days when the woman ovulates.
• Other sperms are thought of as an invader.
• Tiny cilia pushes the sperm to the egg.
• The acrosome produces the enzymes.
• The zona pelluicda is a fluid-filled space inside the egg cell, which will produce enzymes that block the way for sperms to come inside the egg cell.
• The sperm reforms into 23 chromosomes each.
• Microtubules pull the chromosomes closer to each other.
• The corona radiata is the outer layer of the sperm.
• Labia majora are larger lips, folds of tissue that protect the other external organs and contain glands such as sebaceous glands.
• Labia minora protect the delicate organs such as clitoris, opening of vagina chuchu and serve as an orifice, meaning butas.
• Vestibule contains urethra and vaginal openings.
• Pudendal cleft refers to the indentations and a slit in between the labia’s.
• Clinical perineum is a term for separation, the area between, that separates the vulva from the anus to distinguish an area and is also the incision during labor.
• Episiotomy is a surgical incision for the clinical perineum.
•  

  MENARCHE- first ever menstruation

  AMENORRHEA- absence of menstruation

  MENOPAUSAL STAGE- end point of mens, no more ovulation

  MAMMARY GLANDS- produces milk (prolactin)

  PROLACTIN- stimulates milk production

  OXYTOCIN- hormone that is released during labor, stimulates the contractions, gives the reflexes when ready na manganak

  Ø  the production of prostaglandins (increases uterine contractions) increases 

  Areola- pigment part of the nipple

  Nipple- where milk is excreted

  Lactiferous sinus- where milk is stored

   
• Menstruation occurs from Day 1 to 5 with bleeding and the follicles beginning to mature.
• The rebuilding of the endometrial lining occurs from Day 6 to 13.
• Ovulation occurs on Day 14 with a high hormonal level, particularly estrogen.
• The endometrium prepares itself for implantation from Day 15 to 28 with low estrogen levels.
• POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)

  Ø  most common with women with irregular periods

  Ø  it is curable? No

  DYSMENORRHEA

  -dys- painful

  -menorrhea- menstruation

  -painful menstruation

   

  Primary dysmenorrhea

  Ø  most concerning

   

  Secondary dysmenorrhea

  Ø  it can be because you have an underlying condition

   

  What makes menstruation painful?

  Ø  Increased prostaglandins

  Ø  The lining thickens which increases the levels of prostaglandins which increases the contraction

  Ø  There is contraction for the lining to shed in the form of blood when secreted out the body